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# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format # Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved. # https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/ # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """Contains routines for printing protocol messages in JSON format. Simple usage example: # Create a proto object and serialize it to a json format string. message = my_proto_pb2.MyMessage(foo='bar') json_string = json_format.MessageToJson(message) # Parse a json format string to proto object. message = json_format.Parse(json_string, my_proto_pb2.MyMessage()) """ __author__ = 'jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)' try: from collections import OrderedDict except ImportError: from ordereddict import OrderedDict #PY26 import base64 import json import math import re import six import sys from operator import methodcaller from google.protobuf import descriptor from google.protobuf import symbol_database _TIMESTAMPFOMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S' _INT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT32, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT32, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64]) _INT64_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64]) _FLOAT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT, descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE]) _INFINITY = 'Infinity' _NEG_INFINITY = '-Infinity' _NAN = 'NaN' _UNPAIRED_SURROGATE_PATTERN = re.compile(six.u( r'[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]' )) _VALID_EXTENSION_NAME = re.compile(r'\[[a-zA-Z0-9\._]*\]$') class Error(Exception): """Top-level module error for json_format.""" class SerializeToJsonError(Error): """Thrown if serialization to JSON fails.""" class ParseError(Error): """Thrown in case of parsing error.""" def MessageToJson(message, including_default_value_fields=False, preserving_proto_field_name=False, indent=2, sort_keys=False): """Converts protobuf message to JSON format. Args: message: The protocol buffers message instance to serialize. including_default_value_fields: If True, singular primitive fields, repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized. If False, only serialize non-empty fields. Singular message fields and oneof fields are not affected by this option. preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field names to lowerCamelCase. indent: The JSON object will be pretty-printed with this indent level. An indent level of 0 or negative will only insert newlines. sort_keys: If True, then the output will be sorted by field names. Returns: A string containing the JSON formatted protocol buffer message. """ printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields, preserving_proto_field_name) return printer.ToJsonString(message, indent, sort_keys) def MessageToDict(message, including_default_value_fields=False, preserving_proto_field_name=False): """Converts protobuf message to a dictionary. When the dictionary is encoded to JSON, it conforms to proto3 JSON spec. Args: message: The protocol buffers message instance to serialize. including_default_value_fields: If True, singular primitive fields, repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized. If False, only serialize non-empty fields. Singular message fields and oneof fields are not affected by this option. preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field names to lowerCamelCase. Returns: A dict representation of the protocol buffer message. """ printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields, preserving_proto_field_name) # pylint: disable=protected-access return printer._MessageToJsonObject(message) def _IsMapEntry(field): return (field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and field.message_type.has_options and field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry) class _Printer(object): """JSON format printer for protocol message.""" def __init__(self, including_default_value_fields=False, preserving_proto_field_name=False): self.including_default_value_fields = including_default_value_fields self.preserving_proto_field_name = preserving_proto_field_name def ToJsonString(self, message, indent, sort_keys): js = self._MessageToJsonObject(message) return json.dumps(js, indent=indent, sort_keys=sort_keys) def _MessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts message to an object according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR full_name = message_descriptor.full_name if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor): return self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(message) if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS: return methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0], message)(self) js = {} return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(message, js) def _RegularMessageToJsonObject(self, message, js): """Converts normal message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" fields = message.ListFields() try: for field, value in fields: if self.preserving_proto_field_name: name = field.name else: name = field.json_name if _IsMapEntry(field): # Convert a map field. v_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value'] js_map = {} for key in value: if isinstance(key, bool): if key: recorded_key = 'true' else: recorded_key = 'false' else: recorded_key = key js_map[recorded_key] = self._FieldToJsonObject( v_field, value[key]) js[name] = js_map elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: # Convert a repeated field. js[name] = [self._FieldToJsonObject(field, k) for k in value] elif field.is_extension: f = field if (f.containing_type.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format and f.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and f.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL): f = f.message_type name = '[%s.%s]' % (f.full_name, name) js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, value) else: js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, value) # Serialize default value if including_default_value_fields is True. if self.including_default_value_fields: message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR for field in message_descriptor.fields: # Singular message fields and oneof fields will not be affected. if ((field.label != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) or field.containing_oneof): continue if self.preserving_proto_field_name: name = field.name else: name = field.json_name if name in js: # Skip the field which has been serailized already. continue if _IsMapEntry(field): js[name] = {} elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: js[name] = [] else: js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, field.default_value) except ValueError as e: raise SerializeToJsonError( 'Failed to serialize {0} field: {1}.'.format(field.name, e)) return js def _FieldToJsonObject(self, field, value): """Converts field value according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: return self._MessageToJsonObject(value) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM: enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None) if enum_value is not None: return enum_value.name else: if field.file.syntax == 'proto3': return value raise SerializeToJsonError('Enum field contains an integer value ' 'which can not mapped to an enum value.') elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING: if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: # Use base64 Data encoding for bytes return base64.b64encode(value).decode('utf-8') else: return value elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL: return bool(value) elif field.cpp_type in _INT64_TYPES: return str(value) elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES: if math.isinf(value): if value < 0.0: return _NEG_INFINITY else: return _INFINITY if math.isnan(value): return _NAN return value def _AnyMessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts Any message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" if not message.ListFields(): return {} # Must print @type first, use OrderedDict instead of {} js = OrderedDict() type_url = message.type_url js['@type'] = type_url sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url) sub_message.ParseFromString(message.value) message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR full_name = message_descriptor.full_name if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor): js['value'] = self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(sub_message) return js if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS: js['value'] = methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0], sub_message)(self) return js return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(sub_message, js) def _GenericMessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" # Duration, Timestamp and FieldMask have ToJsonString method to do the # convert. Users can also call the method directly. return message.ToJsonString() def _ValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts Value message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" which = message.WhichOneof('kind') # If the Value message is not set treat as null_value when serialize # to JSON. The parse back result will be different from original message. if which is None or which == 'null_value': return None if which == 'list_value': return self._ListValueMessageToJsonObject(message.list_value) if which == 'struct_value': value = message.struct_value else: value = getattr(message, which) oneof_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[which] return self._FieldToJsonObject(oneof_descriptor, value) def _ListValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts ListValue message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" return [self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(value) for value in message.values] def _StructMessageToJsonObject(self, message): """Converts Struct message according to Proto3 JSON Specification.""" fields = message.fields ret = {} for key in fields: ret[key] = self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(fields[key]) return ret def _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(self, message): return self._FieldToJsonObject( message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value'], message.value) def _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor): return message_descriptor.file.name == 'google/protobuf/wrappers.proto' def _DuplicateChecker(js): result = {} for name, value in js: if name in result: raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: duplicate key {0}.'.format(name)) result[name] = value return result def _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url): # TODO(jieluo): Should add a way that users can register the type resolver # instead of the default one. db = symbol_database.Default() type_name = type_url.split('/')[-1] try: message_descriptor = db.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name) except KeyError: raise TypeError( 'Can not find message descriptor by type_url: {0}.'.format(type_url)) message_class = db.GetPrototype(message_descriptor) return message_class() def Parse(text, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False): """Parses a JSON representation of a protocol message into a message. Args: text: Message JSON representation. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields. Returns: The same message passed as argument. Raises:: ParseError: On JSON parsing problems. """ if not isinstance(text, six.text_type): text = text.decode('utf-8') try: if sys.version_info < (2, 7): # object_pair_hook is not supported before python2.7 js = json.loads(text) else: js = json.loads(text, object_pairs_hook=_DuplicateChecker) except ValueError as e: raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: {0}.'.format(str(e))) return ParseDict(js, message, ignore_unknown_fields) def ParseDict(js_dict, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False): """Parses a JSON dictionary representation into a message. Args: js_dict: Dict representation of a JSON message. message: A protocol buffer message to merge into. ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields. Returns: The same message passed as argument. """ parser = _Parser(ignore_unknown_fields) parser.ConvertMessage(js_dict, message) return message _INT_OR_FLOAT = six.integer_types + (float,) class _Parser(object): """JSON format parser for protocol message.""" def __init__(self, ignore_unknown_fields): self.ignore_unknown_fields = ignore_unknown_fields def ConvertMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON object into a message. Args: value: A JSON object. message: A WKT or regular protocol message to record the data. Raises: ParseError: In case of convert problems. """ message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR full_name = message_descriptor.full_name if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor): self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value, message) elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS: methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value, message)(self) else: self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, message) def _ConvertFieldValuePair(self, js, message): """Convert field value pairs into regular message. Args: js: A JSON object to convert the field value pairs. message: A regular protocol message to record the data. Raises: ParseError: In case of problems converting. """ names = [] message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR fields_by_json_name = dict((f.json_name, f) for f in message_descriptor.fields) for name in js: try: field = fields_by_json_name.get(name, None) if not field: field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name, None) if not field and _VALID_EXTENSION_NAME.match(name): if not message_descriptor.is_extendable: raise ParseError('Message type {0} does not have extensions'.format( message_descriptor.full_name)) identifier = name[1:-1] # strip [] brackets identifier = '.'.join(identifier.split('.')[:-1]) # pylint: disable=protected-access field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(identifier) # pylint: enable=protected-access if not field: if self.ignore_unknown_fields: continue raise ParseError( ('Message type "{0}" has no field named "{1}".\n' ' Available Fields(except extensions): {2}').format( message_descriptor.full_name, name, message_descriptor.fields)) if name in names: raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple ' '"{1}" fields.'.format( message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, name)) names.append(name) # Check no other oneof field is parsed. if field.containing_oneof is not None: oneof_name = field.containing_oneof.name if oneof_name in names: raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple ' '"{1}" oneof fields.'.format( message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, oneof_name)) names.append(oneof_name) value = js[name] if value is None: if (field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE and field.message_type.full_name == 'google.protobuf.Value'): sub_message = getattr(message, field.name) sub_message.null_value = 0 else: message.ClearField(field.name) continue # Parse field value. if _IsMapEntry(field): message.ClearField(field.name) self._ConvertMapFieldValue(value, message, field) elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED: message.ClearField(field.name) if not isinstance(value, list): raise ParseError('repeated field {0} must be in [] which is ' '{1}.'.format(name, value)) if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: # Repeated message field. for item in value: sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add() # None is a null_value in Value. if (item is None and sub_message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name != 'google.protobuf.Value'): raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element' ' in a repeated field.') self.ConvertMessage(item, sub_message) else: # Repeated scalar field. for item in value: if item is None: raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element' ' in a repeated field.') getattr(message, field.name).append( _ConvertScalarFieldValue(item, field)) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: if field.is_extension: sub_message = message.Extensions[field] else: sub_message = getattr(message, field.name) sub_message.SetInParent() self.ConvertMessage(value, sub_message) else: setattr(message, field.name, _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field)) except ParseError as e: if field and field.containing_oneof is None: raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}'.format(name, e)) else: raise ParseError(str(e)) except ValueError as e: raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e)) except TypeError as e: raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e)) def _ConvertAnyMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into Any message.""" if isinstance(value, dict) and not value: return try: type_url = value['@type'] except KeyError: raise ParseError('@type is missing when parsing any message.') sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url) message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR full_name = message_descriptor.full_name if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor): self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value['value'], sub_message) elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS: methodcaller( _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value['value'], sub_message)(self) else: del value['@type'] self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, sub_message) # Sets Any message message.value = sub_message.SerializeToString() message.type_url = type_url def _ConvertGenericMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into message with FromJsonString.""" # Duration, Timestamp, FieldMask have a FromJsonString method to do the # conversion. Users can also call the method directly. message.FromJsonString(value) def _ConvertValueMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into Value message.""" if isinstance(value, dict): self._ConvertStructMessage(value, message.struct_value) elif isinstance(value, list): self. _ConvertListValueMessage(value, message.list_value) elif value is None: message.null_value = 0 elif isinstance(value, bool): message.bool_value = value elif isinstance(value, six.string_types): message.string_value = value elif isinstance(value, _INT_OR_FLOAT): message.number_value = value else: raise ParseError('Unexpected type for Value message.') def _ConvertListValueMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into ListValue message.""" if not isinstance(value, list): raise ParseError( 'ListValue must be in [] which is {0}.'.format(value)) message.ClearField('values') for item in value: self._ConvertValueMessage(item, message.values.add()) def _ConvertStructMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into Struct message.""" if not isinstance(value, dict): raise ParseError( 'Struct must be in a dict which is {0}.'.format(value)) for key in value: self._ConvertValueMessage(value[key], message.fields[key]) return def _ConvertWrapperMessage(self, value, message): """Convert a JSON representation into Wrapper message.""" field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value'] setattr(message, 'value', _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field)) def _ConvertMapFieldValue(self, value, message, field): """Convert map field value for a message map field. Args: value: A JSON object to convert the map field value. message: A protocol message to record the converted data. field: The descriptor of the map field to be converted. Raises: ParseError: In case of convert problems. """ if not isinstance(value, dict): raise ParseError( 'Map field {0} must be in a dict which is {1}.'.format( field.name, value)) key_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['key'] value_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value'] for key in value: key_value = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(key, key_field, True) if value_field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: self.ConvertMessage(value[key], getattr( message, field.name)[key_value]) else: getattr(message, field.name)[key_value] = _ConvertScalarFieldValue( value[key], value_field) def _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field, require_str=False): """Convert a single scalar field value. Args: value: A scalar value to convert the scalar field value. field: The descriptor of the field to convert. require_str: If True, the field value must be a str. Returns: The converted scalar field value Raises: ParseError: In case of convert problems. """ if field.cpp_type in _INT_TYPES: return _ConvertInteger(value) elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES: return _ConvertFloat(value) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL: return _ConvertBool(value, require_str) elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING: if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: return base64.b64decode(value) else: # Checking for unpaired surrogates appears to be unreliable, # depending on the specific Python version, so we check manually. if _UNPAIRED_SURROGATE_PATTERN.search(value): raise ParseError('Unpaired surrogate') return value elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM: # Convert an enum value. enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_name.get(value, None) if enum_value is None: try: number = int(value) enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(number, None) except ValueError: raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format( value, field.enum_type.full_name)) if enum_value is None: if field.file.syntax == 'proto3': # Proto3 accepts unknown enums. return number raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format( value, field.enum_type.full_name)) return enum_value.number def _ConvertInteger(value): """Convert an integer. Args: value: A scalar value to convert. Returns: The integer value. Raises: ParseError: If an integer couldn't be consumed. """ if isinstance(value, float) and not value.is_integer(): raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse integer: {0}.'.format(value)) if isinstance(value, six.text_type) and value.find(' ') != -1: raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse integer: "{0}".'.format(value)) return int(value) def _ConvertFloat(value): """Convert an floating point number.""" if value == 'nan': raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse float "nan", use "NaN" instead.') try: # Assume Python compatible syntax. return float(value) except ValueError: # Check alternative spellings. if value == _NEG_INFINITY: return float('-inf') elif value == _INFINITY: return float('inf') elif value == _NAN: return float('nan') else: raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse float: {0}.'.format(value)) def _ConvertBool(value, require_str): """Convert a boolean value. Args: value: A scalar value to convert. require_str: If True, value must be a str. Returns: The bool parsed. Raises: ParseError: If a boolean value couldn't be consumed. """ if require_str: if value == 'true': return True elif value == 'false': return False else: raise ParseError('Expected "true" or "false", not {0}.'.format(value)) if not isinstance(value, bool): raise ParseError('Expected true or false without quotes.') return value _WKTJSONMETHODS = { 'google.protobuf.Any': ['_AnyMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertAnyMessage'], 'google.protobuf.Duration': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertGenericMessage'], 'google.protobuf.FieldMask': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertGenericMessage'], 'google.protobuf.ListValue': ['_ListValueMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertListValueMessage'], 'google.protobuf.Struct': ['_StructMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertStructMessage'], 'google.protobuf.Timestamp': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertGenericMessage'], 'google.protobuf.Value': ['_ValueMessageToJsonObject', '_ConvertValueMessage'] }