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  <h3>Parent</h3>

  
  <p class="link">Object
  
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    <!-- Method Quickref -->
<div id="method-list-section" class="nav-section">
  <h3>Methods</h3>

  <ul class="link-list" role="directory">
    
    <li ><a href="#method-c-app">::app</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-c-load_file">::load_file</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-c-new">::new</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-c-new_from_string">::new_from_string</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-c-parse_file">::parse_file</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-call">#call</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-freeze_app">#freeze_app</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-generate_map">#generate_map</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-map">#map</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-run">#run</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-to_app">#to_app</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-use">#use</a>
    
    <li ><a href="#method-i-warmup">#warmup</a>
    
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<main role="main" aria-labelledby="class-Rack::Builder">
  <h1 id="class-Rack::Builder" class="class">
    class Rack::Builder
  </h1>

  <section class="description">
    
<p><a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> implements a small DSL to iteratively construct <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> applications.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">require</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;rack/lobster&#39;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">CommonLogger</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">ShowExceptions</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;/lobster&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Lint</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Lobster</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
</pre>

<p>Or</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">CommonLogger</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">env</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> [<span class="ruby-value">200</span>, {<span class="ruby-string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;text/plain&#39;</span>}, [<span class="ruby-string">&#39;OK&#39;</span>]] }
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
</pre>

<p><code>use</code> adds middleware to the stack, <code>run</code> dispatches to an application. You can use <code>map</code> to construct a <a href="URLMap.html"><code>Rack::URLMap</code></a> in a convenient way.</p>

  </section>

  
  <section id="5Buntitled-5D" class="documentation-section">
    

    

    
    <section class="constants-list">
      <header>
        <h3>Constants</h3>
      </header>
      <dl>
      
        <dt id="UTF_8_BOM">UTF_8_BOM
        
        <dd><p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2223882/whats-the-difference-between-utf-8-and-utf-8-without-bom">stackoverflow.com/questions/2223882/whats-the-difference-between-utf-8-and-utf-8-without-bom</a></p>
        
      
      </dl>
    </section>
    

    

    
     <section id="public-class-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
       <header>
         <h3>Public Class Methods</h3>
       </header>

    
      <div id="method-c-app" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">app</span><span
            class="method-args">(default_app = nil, &amp;block)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Create a new <a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> instance and return the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application generated from it.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="app-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 130</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">app</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_app</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-c-load_file" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">load_file</span><span
            class="method-args">(path, opts = Server::Options.new)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Load the given file as a rackup file, treating the contents as if specified inside a <a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> block.</p>

<p>Treats the first comment at the beginning of a line that starts with a backslash as options similar to options passed on a rackup command line.</p>

<p>Ignores content in the file after +__END__+, so that use of +__END__+ will not result in a syntax error.</p>

<p>Example config.ru file:</p>

<pre>$ cat config.ru

#\ -p 9393

use Rack::ContentLength
require &#39;./app.rb&#39;
run App</pre>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="load_file-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 93</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">load_file</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">opts</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Server</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Options</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span> = {}

  <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span> = <span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">File</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">read</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">slice!</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">/\A#{UTF_8_BOM}/</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">encoding</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Encoding</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">UTF_8</span>

  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span>[<span class="ruby-regexp">/^#\\(.*)/</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">opts</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">warn</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Parsing options from the first comment line is deprecated!&quot;</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">opts</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">parse!</span> <span class="ruby-node">$1</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">/\s+/</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

  <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">sub!</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">/^__END__\n.*\Z/m</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&#39;&#39;</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">new_from_string</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cfgfile</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>

  <span class="ruby-keyword">return</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-c-new" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">new</span><span
            class="method-args">(default_app = nil, &amp;block)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Initialize a new <a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> instance.  <code>default_app</code> specifies the default application if <code>run</code> is not called later.  If a block is given, it is evaluted in the context of the instance.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="new-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 123</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@use</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@run</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@warmup</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@freeze_app</span> = [], <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword">false</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">instance_eval</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block_given?</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-c-new_from_string" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">new_from_string</span><span
            class="method-args">(builder_script, file = &quot;(rackup)&quot;)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Evaluate the given <code>builder_script</code> string in the context of a <a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> block, returning a <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="new_from_string-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 112</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">new_from_string</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">builder_script</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">file</span> = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;(rackup)&quot;</span>)
  <span class="ruby-comment"># We want to build a variant of TOPLEVEL_BINDING with self as a Rack::Builder instance.</span>
  <span class="ruby-comment"># We cannot use instance_eval(String) as that would resolve constants differently.</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">binding</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">builder</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">TOPLEVEL_BINDING</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">eval</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;Rack::Builder.new.instance_eval { [binding, self] }&#39;</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">eval</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">builder_script</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">binding</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">file</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_app</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-c-parse_file" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">parse_file</span><span
            class="method-args">(config, opts = Server::Options.new)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Parse the given config file to get a <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application.</p>

<p>If the config file ends in <code>.ru</code>, it is treated as a rackup file and the contents will be treated as if specified inside a <a href="Builder.html"><code>Rack::Builder</code></a> block, using the given options.</p>

<p>If the config file does not end in <code>.ru</code>, it is required and <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> will use the basename of the file to guess which constant will be the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application to run. The options given will be ignored in this case.</p>

<p>Examples:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">parse_file</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;config.ru&#39;</span>)
<span class="ruby-comment"># Rack application built using Rack::Builder.new</span>

<span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">parse_file</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;app.rb&#39;</span>)
<span class="ruby-comment"># requires app.rb, which can be anywhere in Ruby&#39;s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># load path. After requiring, assumes App constant</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># contains Rack application</span>

<span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">parse_file</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;./my_app.rb&#39;</span>)
<span class="ruby-comment"># requires ./my_app.rb, which should be in the</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># process&#39;s current directory.  After requiring,</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># assumes MyApp constant contains Rack application</span>
</pre>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="parse_file-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 64</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">parse_file</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">config</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">opts</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Server</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Options</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">config</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">end_with?</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;.ru&#39;</span>)
    <span class="ruby-keyword">return</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">load_file</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">config</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">opts</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">require</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">config</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Object</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">const_get</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">File</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">basename</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">config</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&#39;.rb&#39;</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;_&#39;</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-value">:capitalize</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">join</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;&#39;</span>))
    <span class="ruby-keyword">return</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, {}
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
    </section>
  
     <section id="public-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
       <header>
         <h3>Public Instance Methods</h3>
       </header>

    
      <div id="method-i-call" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">call</span><span
            class="method-args">(env)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Call the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application generated by this builder instance. Note that this rebuilds the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application and runs the warmup code (if any) every time it is called, so it should not be used if performance is important.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="call-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 243</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">to_app</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-freeze_app" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">freeze_app</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Freeze the app (set using run) and all middleware instances when building the application in to_app.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="freeze_app-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 226</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">freeze_app</span>
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@freeze_app</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">true</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-map" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">map</span><span
            class="method-args">(path, &amp;block)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Creates a route within the application.  Routes under the mapped path will be sent to the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application specified by run inside the block.  Other requests will be sent to the default application specified by run outside the block.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;/heartbeat&#39;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Heartbeat</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">App</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
</pre>

<p>The <code>use</code> method can also be used inside the block to specify middleware to run under a specific path:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Builder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;/heartbeat&#39;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Middleware</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Heartbeat</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">App</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
</pre>

<p>This example includes a piece of middleware which will run before <code>/heartbeat</code> requests hit <code>Heartbeat</code>.</p>

<p>Note that providing a <code>path</code> of <code>/</code> will ignore any default application given in a <code>run</code> statement outside the block.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="map-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 219</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">map</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> {}
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>] = <span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-run" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">run</span><span
            class="method-args">(app)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Takes an argument that is an object that responds to <a href="Builder.html#method-i-call"><code>call</code></a> and returns a <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> response. The simplest form of this is a lambda object:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">env</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> [<span class="ruby-value">200</span>, { <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;text/plain&quot;</span> }, [<span class="ruby-string">&quot;OK&quot;</span>]] }
</pre>

<p>However this could also be a class:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-keyword">class</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Heartbeat</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
   [<span class="ruby-value">200</span>, { <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;text/plain&quot;</span> }, [<span class="ruby-string">&quot;OK&quot;</span>]]
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Heartbeat</span>
</pre>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="run-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 176</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">run</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@run</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-to_app" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">to_app</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Return the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application generated by this instance.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="to_app-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 231</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">to_app</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">generate_map</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@run</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@run</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">fail</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;missing run or map statement&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">freeze</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@freeze_app</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@use</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">inject</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>) { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">a</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">e</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">e</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">a</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">tap</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">freeze</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@freeze_app</span> } }
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@warmup</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@warmup</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-use" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">use</span><span
            class="method-args">(middleware, *args, &amp;block)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Specifies middleware to use in a stack.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-keyword">class</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Middleware</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>)
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@app</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

  <span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-string">&quot;rack.some_header&quot;</span>] = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;setting an example&quot;</span>
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@app</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Middleware</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">env</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> [<span class="ruby-value">200</span>, { <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;text/plain&quot;</span> }, [<span class="ruby-string">&quot;OK&quot;</span>]] }
</pre>

<p>All requests through to this application will first be processed by the middleware class. The <code>call</code> method in this example sets an additional environment key which then can be referenced in the application if required.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="use-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 153</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">use</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">middleware</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>, <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@map</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@use</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">proc</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">app</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">generate_map</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>) }
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@use</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">proc</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">app</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">middleware</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>) }
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
      <div id="method-i-warmup" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">warmup</span><span
            class="method-args">(prc = nil, &amp;block)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Takes a lambda or block that is used to warm-up the application. This block is called before the <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> application is returned by to_app.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">warmup</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">app</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">client</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">MockRequest</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">client</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">get</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;/&#39;</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">SomeMiddleware</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-constant">MyApp</span>
</pre>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="warmup-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 190</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">warmup</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">prc</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@warmup</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">prc</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
    </section>
  
     <section id="private-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
       <header>
         <h3>Private Instance Methods</h3>
       </header>

    
      <div id="method-i-generate_map" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">generate_map</span><span
            class="method-args">(default_app, mapping)</span>
          
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
          
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Generate a <a href="URLMap.html"><code>URLMap</code></a> instance by generating new <a href="../Rack.html"><code>Rack</code></a> applications for each map block in this instance.</p>
          
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="generate_map-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/builder.rb, line 251</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">generate_map</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">mapped</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> { <span class="ruby-string">&#39;/&#39;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span> } <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> {}
  <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">each</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">r</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">b</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">mapped</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">r</span>] = <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">class</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">default_app</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;</span><span class="ruby-identifier">b</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_app</span> }
  <span class="ruby-constant">URLMap</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">mapped</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div>
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div>

    
    </section>
  
  </section>

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