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package Unicode::Collate::Locale;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
use base qw(Unicode::Collate);
our $VERSION = '1.25';
my $PL_EXT = '.pl';
my %LocaleFile = map { ($_, $_) } qw(
af ar as az be bn ca cs cy da dsb ee eo es et fa fi fil fo gu
ha haw he hi hr hu hy ig is ja kk kl kn ko kok lkt ln lt lv
mk ml mr mt nb nn nso om or pa pl ro sa se si sk sl sq sr sv
ta te th tn to tr uk ur vi vo wae wo yo zh
);
$LocaleFile{'default'} = '';
# aliases
$LocaleFile{'bs'} = 'hr';
$LocaleFile{'bs_Cyrl'} = 'sr';
$LocaleFile{'sr_Latn'} = 'hr';
# short file names
$LocaleFile{'de__phonebook'} = 'de_phone';
$LocaleFile{'de_AT_phonebook'} = 'de_at_ph';
$LocaleFile{'es__traditional'} = 'es_trad';
$LocaleFile{'fr_CA'} = 'fr_ca';
$LocaleFile{'fi__phonebook'} = 'fi_phone';
$LocaleFile{'si__dictionary'} = 'si_dict';
$LocaleFile{'sv__reformed'} = 'sv_refo';
$LocaleFile{'ug_Cyrl'} = 'ug_cyrl';
$LocaleFile{'zh__big5han'} = 'zh_big5';
$LocaleFile{'zh__gb2312han'} = 'zh_gb';
$LocaleFile{'zh__pinyin'} = 'zh_pin';
$LocaleFile{'zh__stroke'} = 'zh_strk';
$LocaleFile{'zh__zhuyin'} = 'zh_zhu';
my %TypeAlias = qw(
phone phonebook
phonebk phonebook
dict dictionary
reform reformed
trad traditional
big5 big5han
gb2312 gb2312han
);
sub _locale {
my $locale = shift;
if ($locale) {
$locale = lc $locale;
$locale =~ tr/\-\ \./_/;
$locale =~ s/_([0-9a-z]+)\z/$TypeAlias{$1} ?
"_$TypeAlias{$1}" : "_$1"/e;
$LocaleFile{$locale} and return $locale;
my @code = split /_/, $locale;
my $lan = shift @code;
my $scr = @code && length $code[0] == 4 ? ucfirst shift @code : '';
my $reg = @code && length $code[0] < 4 ? uc shift @code : '';
my $var = @code ? shift @code : '';
my @list;
push @list, (
"${lan}_${scr}_${reg}_$var",
"${lan}_${scr}__$var", # empty $scr should not be ${lan}__$var.
"${lan}_${reg}_$var", # empty $reg may be ${lan}__$var.
"${lan}__$var",
) if $var ne '';
push @list, (
"${lan}_${scr}_${reg}",
"${lan}_${scr}",
"${lan}_${reg}",
${lan},
);
for my $loc (@list) {
$LocaleFile{$loc} and return $loc;
}
}
return 'default';
}
sub getlocale {
return shift->{accepted_locale};
}
sub locale_version {
return shift->{locale_version};
}
sub _fetchpl {
my $accepted = shift;
my $f = $LocaleFile{$accepted};
return if !$f;
$f .= $PL_EXT;
# allow to search @INC
# use File::Spec;
# my $path = File::Spec->catfile('Unicode', 'Collate', 'Locale', $f);
my $path = "Unicode/Collate/Locale/$f";
my $h = do $path;
croak "Unicode/Collate/Locale/$f can't be found" if !$h;
return $h;
}
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my %hash = @_;
$hash{accepted_locale} = _locale($hash{locale});
if (exists $hash{table}) {
croak "your table can't be used with Unicode::Collate::Locale";
}
my $href = _fetchpl($hash{accepted_locale});
while (my($k,$v) = each %$href) {
if (!exists $hash{$k}) {
$hash{$k} = $v;
} elsif ($k eq 'entry') {
$hash{$k} = $v.$hash{$k};
} else {
croak "$k is reserved by $hash{locale}, can't be overwritten";
}
}
return $class->SUPER::new(%hash);
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Unicode::Collate::Locale - Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Unicode::Collate::Locale;
#construct
$Collator = Unicode::Collate::Locale->
new(locale => $locale_name, %tailoring);
#sort
@sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted);
#compare
$result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b); # returns 1, 0, or -1.
B<Note:> Strings in C<@not_sorted>, C<$a> and C<$b> are interpreted
according to Perl's Unicode support. See L<perlunicode>,
L<perluniintro>, L<perlunitut>, L<perlunifaq>, L<utf8>.
Otherwise you can use C<preprocess> (cf. C<Unicode::Collate>)
or should decode them before.
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module provides linguistic tailoring for it
taking advantage of C<Unicode::Collate>.
=head2 Constructor
The C<new> method returns a collator object.
A parameter list for the constructor is a hash, which can include
a special key C<locale> and its value (case-insensitive) standing
for a Unicode base language code (two or three-letter).
For example, C<Unicode::Collate::Locale-E<gt>new(locale =E<gt> 'ES')>
returns a collator tailored for Spanish.
C<$locale_name> may be suffixed with a Unicode script code (four-letter),
a Unicode region (territory) code, a Unicode language variant code.
These codes are case-insensitive, and separated with C<'_'> or C<'-'>.
E.g. C<en_US> for English in USA,
C<az_Cyrl> for Azerbaijani in the Cyrillic script,
C<es_ES_traditional> for Spanish in Spain (Traditional).
If C<$locale_name> is not available,
fallback is selected in the following order:
1. language with a variant code
2. language with a script code
3. language with a region code
4. language
5. default
Tailoring tags provided by C<Unicode::Collate> are allowed as long as
they are not used for C<locale> support. Esp. the C<table> tag
is always untailorable, since it is reserved for DUCET.
However C<entry> is allowed, even if it is used for C<locale> support,
to add or override mappings.
E.g. a collator for Spanish, which ignores diacritics and case difference
(i.e. level 1), with reversed case ordering and no normalization.
Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
level => 1,
locale => 'es',
upper_before_lower => 1,
normalization => undef
)
Overriding a behavior already tailored by C<locale> is disallowed
if such a tailoring is passed to C<new()>.
Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
locale => 'da',
upper_before_lower => 0, # causes error as reserved by 'da'
)
However C<change()> inherited from C<Unicode::Collate> allows
such a tailoring that is reserved by C<locale>. Examples:
new(locale => 'fr_ca')->change(backwards => undef)
new(locale => 'da')->change(upper_before_lower => 0)
new(locale => 'ja')->change(overrideCJK => undef)
=head2 Methods
C<Unicode::Collate::Locale> is a subclass of C<Unicode::Collate>
and methods other than C<new> are inherited from C<Unicode::Collate>.
Here is a list of additional methods:
=over 4
=item C<$Collator-E<gt>getlocale>
Returns a language code accepted and used actually on collation.
If linguistic tailoring is not provided for a language code you passed
(intensionally for some languages, or due to the incomplete implementation),
this method returns a string C<'default'> meaning no special tailoring.
=item C<$Collator-E<gt>locale_version>
(Since Unicode::Collate::Locale 0.87)
Returns the version number (perhaps C</\d\.\d\d/>) of the locale, as that
of F<Locale/*.pl>.
B<Note:> F<Locale/*.pl> that a collator uses should be identified by
a combination of return values from C<getlocale> and C<locale_version>.
=back
=head2 A list of tailorable locales
locale name description
--------------------------------------------------------------
af Afrikaans
ar Arabic
as Assamese
az Azerbaijani (Azeri)
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian (tailored as Croatian)
bs_Cyrl Bosnian in Cyrillic (tailored as Serbian)
ca Catalan
cs Czech
cy Welsh
da Danish
de__phonebook German (umlaut as 'ae', 'oe', 'ue')
de_AT_phonebook Austrian German (umlaut primary greater)
dsb Lower Sorbian
ee Ewe
eo Esperanto
es Spanish
es__traditional Spanish ('ch' and 'll' as a grapheme)
et Estonian
fa Persian
fi Finnish (v and w are primary equal)
fi__phonebook Finnish (v and w as separate characters)
fil Filipino
fo Faroese
fr_CA Canadian French
gu Gujarati
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
he Hebrew
hi Hindi
hr Croatian
hu Hungarian
hy Armenian
ig Igbo
is Icelandic
ja Japanese [1]
kk Kazakh
kl Kalaallisut
kn Kannada
ko Korean [2]
kok Konkani
lkt Lakota
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
lv Latvian
mk Macedonian
ml Malayalam
mr Marathi
mt Maltese
nb Norwegian Bokmal
nn Norwegian Nynorsk
nso Northern Sotho
om Oromo
or Oriya
pa Punjabi
pl Polish
ro Romanian
sa Sanskrit
se Northern Sami
si Sinhala
si__dictionary Sinhala (U+0DA5 = U+0DA2,0DCA,0DA4)
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
sq Albanian
sr Serbian
sr_Latn Serbian in Latin (tailored as Croatian)
sv Swedish (v and w are primary equal)
sv__reformed Swedish (v and w as separate characters)
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tn Tswana
to Tonga
tr Turkish
ug_Cyrl Uyghur in Cyrillic
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
vi Vietnamese
vo Volapu"k
wae Walser
wo Wolof
yo Yoruba
zh Chinese
zh__big5han Chinese (ideographs: big5 order)
zh__gb2312han Chinese (ideographs: GB-2312 order)
zh__pinyin Chinese (ideographs: pinyin order) [3]
zh__stroke Chinese (ideographs: stroke order) [3]
zh__zhuyin Chinese (ideographs: zhuyin order) [3]
--------------------------------------------------------------
Locales according to the default UCA rules include
am (Amharic) without C<[reorder Ethi]>,
bg (Bulgarian) without C<[reorder Cyrl]>,
chr (Cherokee) without C<[reorder Cher]>,
de (German),
en (English),
fr (French),
ga (Irish),
id (Indonesian),
it (Italian),
ka (Georgian) without C<[reorder Geor]>,
mn (Mongolian) without C<[reorder Cyrl Mong]>,
ms (Malay),
nl (Dutch),
pt (Portuguese),
ru (Russian) without C<[reorder Cyrl]>,
sw (Swahili),
zu (Zulu).
B<Note>
[1] ja: Ideographs are sorted in JIS X 0208 order.
Fullwidth and halfwidth forms are identical to their regular form.
The difference between hiragana and katakana is at the 4th level,
the comparison also requires C<(variable =E<gt> 'Non-ignorable')>,
and then C<katakana_before_hiragana> has no effect.
[2] ko: Plenty of ideographs are sorted by their reading. Such
an ideograph is primary (level 1) equal to, and secondary (level 2)
greater than, the corresponding hangul syllable.
[3] zh__pinyin, zh__stroke and zh__zhuyin: implemented alt='short',
where a smaller number of ideographs are tailored.
=head2 A list of variant codes and their aliases
variant code alias
------------------------------------------
dictionary dict
phonebook phone phonebk
reformed reform
traditional trad
------------------------------------------
big5han big5
gb2312han gb2312
pinyin
stroke
zhuyin
------------------------------------------
Note: 'pinyin' is Han in Latin, 'zhuyin' is Han in Bopomofo.
=head1 INSTALL
Installation of C<Unicode::Collate::Locale> requires F<Collate/Locale.pm>,
F<Collate/Locale/*.pm>, F<Collate/CJK/*.pm> and F<Collate/allkeys.txt>.
On building, C<Unicode::Collate::Locale> doesn't require
any of F<data/*.txt>, F<gendata/*>, and F<mklocale>.
Tests for C<Unicode::Collate::Locale> are named F<t/loc_*.t>.
=head1 CAVEAT
=over 4
=item Tailoring is not maximum
Even if a certain letter is tailored, its equivalent would not always
tailored as well as it. For example, even though W is tailored,
fullwidth W (C<U+FF37>), W with acute (C<U+1E82>), etc. are not
tailored. The result may depend on whether source strings are
normalized or not, and whether decomposed or composed.
Thus C<(normalization =E<gt> undef)> is less preferred.
=item Collation reordering is not supported
The order of any groups including scripts is not changed.
=back
=head2 Reference
locale based CLDR or other reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
af 30 = 1.8.1
ar 30 = 28 ("compat" wo [reorder Arab]) = 1.9.0
as 30 = 28 (without [reorder Beng..]) = 23
az 30 = 24 ("standard" wo [reorder Latn Cyrl])
be 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
bn 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Beng..]) = 2.0.1
bs 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import hr])
bs_Cyrl 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import sr])
ca 30 = 23 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
cs 30 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
cy 30 = 1.8.1
da 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
de__phonebook 30 = 2.0 (type="phonebook")
de_AT_phonebook 30 = 27 (type="phonebook")
dsb 30 = 26
ee 30 = 21
eo 30 = 1.8.1
es 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
es__traditional 30 = 1.8.1 (type="traditional")
et 30 = 26
fa 22.1 = 1.8.1
fi 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
fi__phonebook 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="phonebook")
fil 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
fo 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
fr_CA 30 = 1.9.0
gu 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Gujr..]) = 1.9.0
ha 30 = 1.9.0
haw 30 = 24
he 30 = 28 (without [reorder Hebr]) = 23
hi 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.9.0
hr 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Latn Cyrl]) = 1.9.0
hu 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
hy 30 = 28 (without [reorder Armn]) = 1.8.1
ig 30 = 1.8.1
is 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
ja 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
kl 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kn 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Knda..]) = 1.9.0
ko 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
kok 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.8.1
lkt 30 = 25
ln 30 = 2.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
lt 22.1 = 1.9.0
lv 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
mk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
ml 22.1 = 1.9.0
mr 30 = 28 (without [reorder Deva..]) = 1.8.1
mt 22.1 = 1.9.0
nb 22.1 = 2.0 (type="standard")
nn 22.1 = 2.0 (type="standard")
nso [*] 26 = 1.8.1
om 22.1 = 1.8.1
or 30 = 28 (without [reorder Orya..]) = 1.9.0
pa 22.1 = 1.8.1
pl 30 = 1.8.1
ro 30 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sa [*] 1.9.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
se 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
si 30 = 28 ("standard" wo [reorder Sinh..]) = 1.9.0
si__dictionary 30 = 28 ("dictionary" wo [reorder Sinh..]) = 1.9.0
sk 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sl 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
sq 22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
sr 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
sr_Latn 30 = 28 (type="standard": [import hr])
sv 22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
sv__reformed 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="reformed")
ta 22.1 = 1.9.0
te 30 = 28 (without [reorder Telu..]) = 1.9.0
th 22.1 = 22
tn [*] 26 = 1.8.1
to 22.1 = 22
tr 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
uk 30 = 28 (without [reorder Cyrl])
ug_Cyrl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet
ur 22.1 = 1.9.0
vi 22.1 = 1.8.1
vo 30 = 25
wae 30 = 2.0
wo [*] 1.9.1 = 1.8.1
yo 30 = 1.8.1
zh 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
zh__big5han 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="big5han")
zh__gb2312han 22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="gb2312han")
zh__pinyin 22.1 = 2.0 (type='pinyin' alt='short')
zh__stroke 22.1 = 1.9.1 (type='stroke' alt='short')
zh__zhuyin 22.1 = 22 (type='zhuyin' alt='short')
--------------------------------------------------------------------
[*] http://www.unicode.org/repos/cldr/tags/latest/seed/collation/
=head1 AUTHOR
The Unicode::Collate::Locale module for perl was written
by SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>.
This module is Copyright(C) 2004-2017, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan.
All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=head1 SEE ALSO
=over 4
=item Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10
L<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/>
=item The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET)
L<http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCA/latest/allkeys.txt>
=item Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35
L<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/>
=item CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository
L<http://cldr.unicode.org/>
=item L<Unicode::Collate>
=item L<Unicode::Normalize>
=back
=cut
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