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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Tests for Beautiful Soup's tree traversal methods.
The tree traversal methods are the main advantage of using Beautiful
Soup over just using a parser.
Different parsers will build different Beautiful Soup trees given the
same markup, but all Beautiful Soup trees can be traversed with the
methods tested here.
"""
from pdb import set_trace
import copy
import pickle
import re
import warnings
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4.builder import (
builder_registry,
HTMLParserTreeBuilder,
)
from bs4.element import (
PY3K,
CData,
Comment,
Declaration,
Doctype,
NavigableString,
SoupStrainer,
Tag,
)
from bs4.testing import (
SoupTest,
skipIf,
)
XML_BUILDER_PRESENT = (builder_registry.lookup("xml") is not None)
LXML_PRESENT = (builder_registry.lookup("lxml") is not None)
class TreeTest(SoupTest):
def assertSelects(self, tags, should_match):
"""Make sure that the given tags have the correct text.
This is used in tests that define a bunch of tags, each
containing a single string, and then select certain strings by
some mechanism.
"""
self.assertEqual([tag.string for tag in tags], should_match)
def assertSelectsIDs(self, tags, should_match):
"""Make sure that the given tags have the correct IDs.
This is used in tests that define a bunch of tags, each
containing a single string, and then select certain strings by
some mechanism.
"""
self.assertEqual([tag['id'] for tag in tags], should_match)
class TestFind(TreeTest):
"""Basic tests of the find() method.
find() just calls find_all() with limit=1, so it's not tested all
that thouroughly here.
"""
def test_find_tag(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>1</a><b>2</b><a>3</a><b>4</b>")
self.assertEqual(soup.find("b").string, "2")
def test_unicode_text_find(self):
soup = self.soup('<h1>Räksmörgås</h1>')
self.assertEqual(soup.find(string='Räksmörgås'), 'Räksmörgås')
def test_unicode_attribute_find(self):
soup = self.soup('<h1 id="Räksmörgås">here it is</h1>')
str(soup)
self.assertEqual("here it is", soup.find(id='Räksmörgås').text)
def test_find_everything(self):
"""Test an optimization that finds all tags."""
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><b>bar</b>")
self.assertEqual(2, len(soup.find_all()))
def test_find_everything_with_name(self):
"""Test an optimization that finds all tags with a given name."""
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><b>bar</b><a>baz</a>")
self.assertEqual(2, len(soup.find_all('a')))
class TestFindAll(TreeTest):
"""Basic tests of the find_all() method."""
def test_find_all_text_nodes(self):
"""You can search the tree for text nodes."""
soup = self.soup("<html>Foo<b>bar</b>\xbb</html>")
# Exact match.
self.assertEqual(soup.find_all(string="bar"), ["bar"])
self.assertEqual(soup.find_all(text="bar"), ["bar"])
# Match any of a number of strings.
self.assertEqual(
soup.find_all(text=["Foo", "bar"]), ["Foo", "bar"])
# Match a regular expression.
self.assertEqual(soup.find_all(text=re.compile('.*')),
["Foo", "bar", '\xbb'])
# Match anything.
self.assertEqual(soup.find_all(text=True),
["Foo", "bar", '\xbb'])
def test_find_all_limit(self):
"""You can limit the number of items returned by find_all."""
soup = self.soup("<a>1</a><a>2</a><a>3</a><a>4</a><a>5</a>")
self.assertSelects(soup.find_all('a', limit=3), ["1", "2", "3"])
self.assertSelects(soup.find_all('a', limit=1), ["1"])
self.assertSelects(
soup.find_all('a', limit=10), ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"])
# A limit of 0 means no limit.
self.assertSelects(
soup.find_all('a', limit=0), ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"])
def test_calling_a_tag_is_calling_findall(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>1</a><b>2<a id='foo'>3</a></b>")
self.assertSelects(soup('a', limit=1), ["1"])
self.assertSelects(soup.b(id="foo"), ["3"])
def test_find_all_with_self_referential_data_structure_does_not_cause_infinite_recursion(self):
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
# Create a self-referential list.
l = []
l.append(l)
# Without special code in _normalize_search_value, this would cause infinite
# recursion.
self.assertEqual([], soup.find_all(l))
def test_find_all_resultset(self):
"""All find_all calls return a ResultSet"""
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
result = soup.find_all("a")
self.assertTrue(hasattr(result, "source"))
result = soup.find_all(True)
self.assertTrue(hasattr(result, "source"))
result = soup.find_all(text="foo")
self.assertTrue(hasattr(result, "source"))
class TestFindAllBasicNamespaces(TreeTest):
def test_find_by_namespaced_name(self):
soup = self.soup('<mathml:msqrt>4</mathml:msqrt><a svg:fill="red">')
self.assertEqual("4", soup.find("mathml:msqrt").string)
self.assertEqual("a", soup.find(attrs= { "svg:fill" : "red" }).name)
class TestFindAllByName(TreeTest):
"""Test ways of finding tags by tag name."""
def setUp(self):
super(TreeTest, self).setUp()
self.tree = self.soup("""<a>First tag.</a>
<b>Second tag.</b>
<c>Third <a>Nested tag.</a> tag.</c>""")
def test_find_all_by_tag_name(self):
# Find all the <a> tags.
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all('a'), ['First tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_by_name_and_text(self):
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all('a', text='First tag.'), ['First tag.'])
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all('a', text=True), ['First tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all('a', text=re.compile("tag")),
['First tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_on_non_root_element(self):
# You can call find_all on any node, not just the root.
self.assertSelects(self.tree.c.find_all('a'), ['Nested tag.'])
def test_calling_element_invokes_find_all(self):
self.assertSelects(self.tree('a'), ['First tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_by_tag_strainer(self):
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all(SoupStrainer('a')),
['First tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_by_tag_names(self):
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all(['a', 'b']),
['First tag.', 'Second tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_by_tag_dict(self):
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all({'a' : True, 'b' : True}),
['First tag.', 'Second tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_by_tag_re(self):
self.assertSelects(
self.tree.find_all(re.compile('^[ab]$')),
['First tag.', 'Second tag.', 'Nested tag.'])
def test_find_all_with_tags_matching_method(self):
# You can define an oracle method that determines whether
# a tag matches the search.
def id_matches_name(tag):
return tag.name == tag.get('id')
tree = self.soup("""<a id="a">Match 1.</a>
<a id="1">Does not match.</a>
<b id="b">Match 2.</a>""")
self.assertSelects(
tree.find_all(id_matches_name), ["Match 1.", "Match 2."])
def test_find_with_multi_valued_attribute(self):
soup = self.soup(
"<div class='a b'>1</div><div class='a c'>2</div><div class='a d'>3</div>"
)
r1 = soup.find('div', 'a d');
r2 = soup.find('div', re.compile(r'a d'));
r3, r4 = soup.find_all('div', ['a b', 'a d']);
self.assertEqual('3', r1.string)
self.assertEqual('3', r2.string)
self.assertEqual('1', r3.string)
self.assertEqual('3', r4.string)
class TestFindAllByAttribute(TreeTest):
def test_find_all_by_attribute_name(self):
# You can pass in keyword arguments to find_all to search by
# attribute.
tree = self.soup("""
<a id="first">Matching a.</a>
<a id="second">
Non-matching <b id="first">Matching b.</b>a.
</a>""")
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(id='first'),
["Matching a.", "Matching b."])
def test_find_all_by_utf8_attribute_value(self):
peace = "םולש".encode("utf8")
data = '<a title="םולש"></a>'.encode("utf8")
soup = self.soup(data)
self.assertEqual([soup.a], soup.find_all(title=peace))
self.assertEqual([soup.a], soup.find_all(title=peace.decode("utf8")))
self.assertEqual([soup.a], soup.find_all(title=[peace, "something else"]))
def test_find_all_by_attribute_dict(self):
# You can pass in a dictionary as the argument 'attrs'. This
# lets you search for attributes like 'name' (a fixed argument
# to find_all) and 'class' (a reserved word in Python.)
tree = self.soup("""
<a name="name1" class="class1">Name match.</a>
<a name="name2" class="class2">Class match.</a>
<a name="name3" class="class3">Non-match.</a>
<name1>A tag called 'name1'.</name1>
""")
# This doesn't do what you want.
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(name='name1'),
["A tag called 'name1'."])
# This does what you want.
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(attrs={'name' : 'name1'}),
["Name match."])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(attrs={'class' : 'class2'}),
["Class match."])
def test_find_all_by_class(self):
tree = self.soup("""
<a class="1">Class 1.</a>
<a class="2">Class 2.</a>
<b class="1">Class 1.</b>
<c class="3 4">Class 3 and 4.</c>
""")
# Passing in the class_ keyword argument will search against
# the 'class' attribute.
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('a', class_='1'), ['Class 1.'])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('c', class_='3'), ['Class 3 and 4.'])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('c', class_='4'), ['Class 3 and 4.'])
# Passing in a string to 'attrs' will also search the CSS class.
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('a', '1'), ['Class 1.'])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(attrs='1'), ['Class 1.', 'Class 1.'])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('c', '3'), ['Class 3 and 4.'])
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('c', '4'), ['Class 3 and 4.'])
def test_find_by_class_when_multiple_classes_present(self):
tree = self.soup("<gar class='foo bar'>Found it</gar>")
f = tree.find_all("gar", class_=re.compile("o"))
self.assertSelects(f, ["Found it"])
f = tree.find_all("gar", class_=re.compile("a"))
self.assertSelects(f, ["Found it"])
# If the search fails to match the individual strings "foo" and "bar",
# it will be tried against the combined string "foo bar".
f = tree.find_all("gar", class_=re.compile("o b"))
self.assertSelects(f, ["Found it"])
def test_find_all_with_non_dictionary_for_attrs_finds_by_class(self):
soup = self.soup("<a class='bar'>Found it</a>")
self.assertSelects(soup.find_all("a", re.compile("ba")), ["Found it"])
def big_attribute_value(value):
return len(value) > 3
self.assertSelects(soup.find_all("a", big_attribute_value), [])
def small_attribute_value(value):
return len(value) <= 3
self.assertSelects(
soup.find_all("a", small_attribute_value), ["Found it"])
def test_find_all_with_string_for_attrs_finds_multiple_classes(self):
soup = self.soup('<a class="foo bar"></a><a class="foo"></a>')
a, a2 = soup.find_all("a")
self.assertEqual([a, a2], soup.find_all("a", "foo"))
self.assertEqual([a], soup.find_all("a", "bar"))
# If you specify the class as a string that contains a
# space, only that specific value will be found.
self.assertEqual([a], soup.find_all("a", class_="foo bar"))
self.assertEqual([a], soup.find_all("a", "foo bar"))
self.assertEqual([], soup.find_all("a", "bar foo"))
def test_find_all_by_attribute_soupstrainer(self):
tree = self.soup("""
<a id="first">Match.</a>
<a id="second">Non-match.</a>""")
strainer = SoupStrainer(attrs={'id' : 'first'})
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(strainer), ['Match.'])
def test_find_all_with_missing_attribute(self):
# You can pass in None as the value of an attribute to find_all.
# This will match tags that do not have that attribute set.
tree = self.soup("""<a id="1">ID present.</a>
<a>No ID present.</a>
<a id="">ID is empty.</a>""")
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all('a', id=None), ["No ID present."])
def test_find_all_with_defined_attribute(self):
# You can pass in None as the value of an attribute to find_all.
# This will match tags that have that attribute set to any value.
tree = self.soup("""<a id="1">ID present.</a>
<a>No ID present.</a>
<a id="">ID is empty.</a>""")
self.assertSelects(
tree.find_all(id=True), ["ID present.", "ID is empty."])
def test_find_all_with_numeric_attribute(self):
# If you search for a number, it's treated as a string.
tree = self.soup("""<a id=1>Unquoted attribute.</a>
<a id="1">Quoted attribute.</a>""")
expected = ["Unquoted attribute.", "Quoted attribute."]
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(id=1), expected)
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(id="1"), expected)
def test_find_all_with_list_attribute_values(self):
# You can pass a list of attribute values instead of just one,
# and you'll get tags that match any of the values.
tree = self.soup("""<a id="1">1</a>
<a id="2">2</a>
<a id="3">3</a>
<a>No ID.</a>""")
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(id=["1", "3", "4"]),
["1", "3"])
def test_find_all_with_regular_expression_attribute_value(self):
# You can pass a regular expression as an attribute value, and
# you'll get tags whose values for that attribute match the
# regular expression.
tree = self.soup("""<a id="a">One a.</a>
<a id="aa">Two as.</a>
<a id="ab">Mixed as and bs.</a>
<a id="b">One b.</a>
<a>No ID.</a>""")
self.assertSelects(tree.find_all(id=re.compile("^a+$")),
["One a.", "Two as."])
def test_find_by_name_and_containing_string(self):
soup = self.soup("<b>foo</b><b>bar</b><a>foo</a>")
a = soup.a
self.assertEqual([a], soup.find_all("a", text="foo"))
self.assertEqual([], soup.find_all("a", text="bar"))
self.assertEqual([], soup.find_all("a", text="bar"))
def test_find_by_name_and_containing_string_when_string_is_buried(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><a><b><c>foo</c></b></a>")
self.assertEqual(soup.find_all("a"), soup.find_all("a", text="foo"))
def test_find_by_attribute_and_containing_string(self):
soup = self.soup('<b id="1">foo</b><a id="2">foo</a>')
a = soup.a
self.assertEqual([a], soup.find_all(id=2, text="foo"))
self.assertEqual([], soup.find_all(id=1, text="bar"))
class TestIndex(TreeTest):
"""Test Tag.index"""
def test_index(self):
tree = self.soup("""<div>
<a>Identical</a>
<b>Not identical</b>
<a>Identical</a>
<c><d>Identical with child</d></c>
<b>Also not identical</b>
<c><d>Identical with child</d></c>
</div>""")
div = tree.div
for i, element in enumerate(div.contents):
self.assertEqual(i, div.index(element))
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tree.index, 1)
class TestParentOperations(TreeTest):
"""Test navigation and searching through an element's parents."""
def setUp(self):
super(TestParentOperations, self).setUp()
self.tree = self.soup('''<ul id="empty"></ul>
<ul id="top">
<ul id="middle">
<ul id="bottom">
<b>Start here</b>
</ul>
</ul>''')
self.start = self.tree.b
def test_parent(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.parent['id'], 'bottom')
self.assertEqual(self.start.parent.parent['id'], 'middle')
self.assertEqual(self.start.parent.parent.parent['id'], 'top')
def test_parent_of_top_tag_is_soup_object(self):
top_tag = self.tree.contents[0]
self.assertEqual(top_tag.parent, self.tree)
def test_soup_object_has_no_parent(self):
self.assertEqual(None, self.tree.parent)
def test_find_parents(self):
self.assertSelectsIDs(
self.start.find_parents('ul'), ['bottom', 'middle', 'top'])
self.assertSelectsIDs(
self.start.find_parents('ul', id="middle"), ['middle'])
def test_find_parent(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.find_parent('ul')['id'], 'bottom')
self.assertEqual(self.start.find_parent('ul', id='top')['id'], 'top')
def test_parent_of_text_element(self):
text = self.tree.find(text="Start here")
self.assertEqual(text.parent.name, 'b')
def test_text_element_find_parent(self):
text = self.tree.find(text="Start here")
self.assertEqual(text.find_parent('ul')['id'], 'bottom')
def test_parent_generator(self):
parents = [parent['id'] for parent in self.start.parents
if parent is not None and 'id' in parent.attrs]
self.assertEqual(parents, ['bottom', 'middle', 'top'])
class ProximityTest(TreeTest):
def setUp(self):
super(TreeTest, self).setUp()
self.tree = self.soup(
'<html id="start"><head></head><body><b id="1">One</b><b id="2">Two</b><b id="3">Three</b></body></html>')
class TestNextOperations(ProximityTest):
def setUp(self):
super(TestNextOperations, self).setUp()
self.start = self.tree.b
def test_next(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.next_element, "One")
self.assertEqual(self.start.next_element.next_element['id'], "2")
def test_next_of_last_item_is_none(self):
last = self.tree.find(text="Three")
self.assertEqual(last.next_element, None)
def test_next_of_root_is_none(self):
# The document root is outside the next/previous chain.
self.assertEqual(self.tree.next_element, None)
def test_find_all_next(self):
self.assertSelects(self.start.find_all_next('b'), ["Two", "Three"])
self.start.find_all_next(id=3)
self.assertSelects(self.start.find_all_next(id=3), ["Three"])
def test_find_next(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.find_next('b')['id'], '2')
self.assertEqual(self.start.find_next(text="Three"), "Three")
def test_find_next_for_text_element(self):
text = self.tree.find(text="One")
self.assertEqual(text.find_next("b").string, "Two")
self.assertSelects(text.find_all_next("b"), ["Two", "Three"])
def test_next_generator(self):
start = self.tree.find(text="Two")
successors = [node for node in start.next_elements]
# There are two successors: the final <b> tag and its text contents.
tag, contents = successors
self.assertEqual(tag['id'], '3')
self.assertEqual(contents, "Three")
class TestPreviousOperations(ProximityTest):
def setUp(self):
super(TestPreviousOperations, self).setUp()
self.end = self.tree.find(text="Three")
def test_previous(self):
self.assertEqual(self.end.previous_element['id'], "3")
self.assertEqual(self.end.previous_element.previous_element, "Two")
def test_previous_of_first_item_is_none(self):
first = self.tree.find('html')
self.assertEqual(first.previous_element, None)
def test_previous_of_root_is_none(self):
# The document root is outside the next/previous chain.
# XXX This is broken!
#self.assertEqual(self.tree.previous_element, None)
pass
def test_find_all_previous(self):
# The <b> tag containing the "Three" node is the predecessor
# of the "Three" node itself, which is why "Three" shows up
# here.
self.assertSelects(
self.end.find_all_previous('b'), ["Three", "Two", "One"])
self.assertSelects(self.end.find_all_previous(id=1), ["One"])
def test_find_previous(self):
self.assertEqual(self.end.find_previous('b')['id'], '3')
self.assertEqual(self.end.find_previous(text="One"), "One")
def test_find_previous_for_text_element(self):
text = self.tree.find(text="Three")
self.assertEqual(text.find_previous("b").string, "Three")
self.assertSelects(
text.find_all_previous("b"), ["Three", "Two", "One"])
def test_previous_generator(self):
start = self.tree.find(text="One")
predecessors = [node for node in start.previous_elements]
# There are four predecessors: the <b> tag containing "One"
# the <body> tag, the <head> tag, and the <html> tag.
b, body, head, html = predecessors
self.assertEqual(b['id'], '1')
self.assertEqual(body.name, "body")
self.assertEqual(head.name, "head")
self.assertEqual(html.name, "html")
class SiblingTest(TreeTest):
def setUp(self):
super(SiblingTest, self).setUp()
markup = '''<html>
<span id="1">
<span id="1.1"></span>
</span>
<span id="2">
<span id="2.1"></span>
</span>
<span id="3">
<span id="3.1"></span>
</span>
<span id="4"></span>
</html>'''
# All that whitespace looks good but makes the tests more
# difficult. Get rid of it.
markup = re.compile("\n\s*").sub("", markup)
self.tree = self.soup(markup)
class TestNextSibling(SiblingTest):
def setUp(self):
super(TestNextSibling, self).setUp()
self.start = self.tree.find(id="1")
def test_next_sibling_of_root_is_none(self):
self.assertEqual(self.tree.next_sibling, None)
def test_next_sibling(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.next_sibling['id'], '2')
self.assertEqual(self.start.next_sibling.next_sibling['id'], '3')
# Note the difference between next_sibling and next_element.
self.assertEqual(self.start.next_element['id'], '1.1')
def test_next_sibling_may_not_exist(self):
self.assertEqual(self.tree.html.next_sibling, None)
nested_span = self.tree.find(id="1.1")
self.assertEqual(nested_span.next_sibling, None)
last_span = self.tree.find(id="4")
self.assertEqual(last_span.next_sibling, None)
def test_find_next_sibling(self):
self.assertEqual(self.start.find_next_sibling('span')['id'], '2')
def test_next_siblings(self):
self.assertSelectsIDs(self.start.find_next_siblings("span"),
['2', '3', '4'])
self.assertSelectsIDs(self.start.find_next_siblings(id='3'), ['3'])
def test_next_sibling_for_text_element(self):
soup = self.soup("Foo<b>bar</b>baz")
start = soup.find(text="Foo")
self.assertEqual(start.next_sibling.name, 'b')
self.assertEqual(start.next_sibling.next_sibling, 'baz')
self.assertSelects(start.find_next_siblings('b'), ['bar'])
self.assertEqual(start.find_next_sibling(text="baz"), "baz")
self.assertEqual(start.find_next_sibling(text="nonesuch"), None)
class TestPreviousSibling(SiblingTest):
def setUp(self):
super(TestPreviousSibling, self).setUp()
self.end = self.tree.find(id="4")
def test_previous_sibling_of_root_is_none(self):
self.assertEqual(self.tree.previous_sibling, None)
def test_previous_sibling(self):
self.assertEqual(self.end.previous_sibling['id'], '3')
self.assertEqual(self.end.previous_sibling.previous_sibling['id'], '2')
# Note the difference between previous_sibling and previous_element.
self.assertEqual(self.end.previous_element['id'], '3.1')
def test_previous_sibling_may_not_exist(self):
self.assertEqual(self.tree.html.previous_sibling, None)
nested_span = self.tree.find(id="1.1")
self.assertEqual(nested_span.previous_sibling, None)
first_span = self.tree.find(id="1")
self.assertEqual(first_span.previous_sibling, None)
def test_find_previous_sibling(self):
self.assertEqual(self.end.find_previous_sibling('span')['id'], '3')
def test_previous_siblings(self):
self.assertSelectsIDs(self.end.find_previous_siblings("span"),
['3', '2', '1'])
self.assertSelectsIDs(self.end.find_previous_siblings(id='1'), ['1'])
def test_previous_sibling_for_text_element(self):
soup = self.soup("Foo<b>bar</b>baz")
start = soup.find(text="baz")
self.assertEqual(start.previous_sibling.name, 'b')
self.assertEqual(start.previous_sibling.previous_sibling, 'Foo')
self.assertSelects(start.find_previous_siblings('b'), ['bar'])
self.assertEqual(start.find_previous_sibling(text="Foo"), "Foo")
self.assertEqual(start.find_previous_sibling(text="nonesuch"), None)
class TestTagCreation(SoupTest):
"""Test the ability to create new tags."""
def test_new_tag(self):
soup = self.soup("")
new_tag = soup.new_tag("foo", bar="baz")
self.assertTrue(isinstance(new_tag, Tag))
self.assertEqual("foo", new_tag.name)
self.assertEqual(dict(bar="baz"), new_tag.attrs)
self.assertEqual(None, new_tag.parent)
def test_tag_inherits_self_closing_rules_from_builder(self):
if XML_BUILDER_PRESENT:
xml_soup = BeautifulSoup("", "lxml-xml")
xml_br = xml_soup.new_tag("br")
xml_p = xml_soup.new_tag("p")
# Both the <br> and <p> tag are empty-element, just because
# they have no contents.
self.assertEqual(b"<br/>", xml_br.encode())
self.assertEqual(b"<p/>", xml_p.encode())
html_soup = BeautifulSoup("", "html.parser")
html_br = html_soup.new_tag("br")
html_p = html_soup.new_tag("p")
# The HTML builder users HTML's rules about which tags are
# empty-element tags, and the new tags reflect these rules.
self.assertEqual(b"<br/>", html_br.encode())
self.assertEqual(b"<p></p>", html_p.encode())
def test_new_string_creates_navigablestring(self):
soup = self.soup("")
s = soup.new_string("foo")
self.assertEqual("foo", s)
self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, NavigableString))
def test_new_string_can_create_navigablestring_subclass(self):
soup = self.soup("")
s = soup.new_string("foo", Comment)
self.assertEqual("foo", s)
self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, Comment))
class TestTreeModification(SoupTest):
def test_attribute_modification(self):
soup = self.soup('<a id="1"></a>')
soup.a['id'] = 2
self.assertEqual(soup.decode(), self.document_for('<a id="2"></a>'))
del(soup.a['id'])
self.assertEqual(soup.decode(), self.document_for('<a></a>'))
soup.a['id2'] = 'foo'
self.assertEqual(soup.decode(), self.document_for('<a id2="foo"></a>'))
def test_new_tag_creation(self):
builder = builder_registry.lookup('html')()
soup = self.soup("<body></body>", builder=builder)
a = Tag(soup, builder, 'a')
ol = Tag(soup, builder, 'ol')
a['href'] = 'http://foo.com/'
soup.body.insert(0, a)
soup.body.insert(1, ol)
self.assertEqual(
soup.body.encode(),
b'<body><a href="http://foo.com/"></a><ol></ol></body>')
def test_append_to_contents_moves_tag(self):
doc = """<p id="1">Don't leave me <b>here</b>.</p>
<p id="2">Don\'t leave!</p>"""
soup = self.soup(doc)
second_para = soup.find(id='2')
bold = soup.b
# Move the <b> tag to the end of the second paragraph.
soup.find(id='2').append(soup.b)
# The <b> tag is now a child of the second paragraph.
self.assertEqual(bold.parent, second_para)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for(
'<p id="1">Don\'t leave me .</p>\n'
'<p id="2">Don\'t leave!<b>here</b></p>'))
def test_replace_with_returns_thing_that_was_replaced(self):
text = "<a></a><b><c></c></b>"
soup = self.soup(text)
a = soup.a
new_a = a.replace_with(soup.c)
self.assertEqual(a, new_a)
def test_unwrap_returns_thing_that_was_replaced(self):
text = "<a><b></b><c></c></a>"
soup = self.soup(text)
a = soup.a
new_a = a.unwrap()
self.assertEqual(a, new_a)
def test_replace_with_and_unwrap_give_useful_exception_when_tag_has_no_parent(self):
soup = self.soup("<a><b>Foo</b></a><c>Bar</c>")
a = soup.a
a.extract()
self.assertEqual(None, a.parent)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.unwrap)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.replace_with, soup.c)
def test_replace_tag_with_itself(self):
text = "<a><b></b><c>Foo<d></d></c></a><a><e></e></a>"
soup = self.soup(text)
c = soup.c
soup.c.replace_with(c)
self.assertEqual(soup.decode(), self.document_for(text))
def test_replace_tag_with_its_parent_raises_exception(self):
text = "<a><b></b></a>"
soup = self.soup(text)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, soup.b.replace_with, soup.a)
def test_insert_tag_into_itself_raises_exception(self):
text = "<a><b></b></a>"
soup = self.soup(text)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, soup.a.insert, 0, soup.a)
def test_replace_with_maintains_next_element_throughout(self):
soup = self.soup('<p><a>one</a><b>three</b></p>')
a = soup.a
b = a.contents[0]
# Make it so the <a> tag has two text children.
a.insert(1, "two")
# Now replace each one with the empty string.
left, right = a.contents
left.replaceWith('')
right.replaceWith('')
# The <b> tag is still connected to the tree.
self.assertEqual("three", soup.b.string)
def test_replace_final_node(self):
soup = self.soup("<b>Argh!</b>")
soup.find(text="Argh!").replace_with("Hooray!")
new_text = soup.find(text="Hooray!")
b = soup.b
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_element, b)
self.assertEqual(new_text.parent, b)
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_element.next_element, new_text)
self.assertEqual(new_text.next_element, None)
def test_consecutive_text_nodes(self):
# A builder should never create two consecutive text nodes,
# but if you insert one next to another, Beautiful Soup will
# handle it correctly.
soup = self.soup("<a><b>Argh!</b><c></c></a>")
soup.b.insert(1, "Hooray!")
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for(
"<a><b>Argh!Hooray!</b><c></c></a>"))
new_text = soup.find(text="Hooray!")
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_element, "Argh!")
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_element.next_element, new_text)
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_sibling, "Argh!")
self.assertEqual(new_text.previous_sibling.next_sibling, new_text)
self.assertEqual(new_text.next_sibling, None)
self.assertEqual(new_text.next_element, soup.c)
def test_insert_string(self):
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
soup.a.insert(0, "bar")
soup.a.insert(0, "foo")
# The string were added to the tag.
self.assertEqual(["foo", "bar"], soup.a.contents)
# And they were converted to NavigableStrings.
self.assertEqual(soup.a.contents[0].next_element, "bar")
def test_insert_tag(self):
builder = self.default_builder
soup = self.soup(
"<a><b>Find</b><c>lady!</c><d></d></a>", builder=builder)
magic_tag = Tag(soup, builder, 'magictag')
magic_tag.insert(0, "the")
soup.a.insert(1, magic_tag)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for(
"<a><b>Find</b><magictag>the</magictag><c>lady!</c><d></d></a>"))
# Make sure all the relationships are hooked up correctly.
b_tag = soup.b
self.assertEqual(b_tag.next_sibling, magic_tag)
self.assertEqual(magic_tag.previous_sibling, b_tag)
find = b_tag.find(text="Find")
self.assertEqual(find.next_element, magic_tag)
self.assertEqual(magic_tag.previous_element, find)
c_tag = soup.c
self.assertEqual(magic_tag.next_sibling, c_tag)
self.assertEqual(c_tag.previous_sibling, magic_tag)
the = magic_tag.find(text="the")
self.assertEqual(the.parent, magic_tag)
self.assertEqual(the.next_element, c_tag)
self.assertEqual(c_tag.previous_element, the)
def test_append_child_thats_already_at_the_end(self):
data = "<a><b></b></a>"
soup = self.soup(data)
soup.a.append(soup.b)
self.assertEqual(data, soup.decode())
def test_move_tag_to_beginning_of_parent(self):
data = "<a><b></b><c></c><d></d></a>"
soup = self.soup(data)
soup.a.insert(0, soup.d)
self.assertEqual("<a><d></d><b></b><c></c></a>", soup.decode())
def test_insert_works_on_empty_element_tag(self):
# This is a little strange, since most HTML parsers don't allow
# markup like this to come through. But in general, we don't
# know what the parser would or wouldn't have allowed, so
# I'm letting this succeed for now.
soup = self.soup("<br/>")
soup.br.insert(1, "Contents")
self.assertEqual(str(soup.br), "<br>Contents</br>")
def test_insert_before(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><b>bar</b>")
soup.b.insert_before("BAZ")
soup.a.insert_before("QUUX")
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("QUUX<a>foo</a>BAZ<b>bar</b>"))
soup.a.insert_before(soup.b)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("QUUX<b>bar</b><a>foo</a>BAZ"))
def test_insert_after(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><b>bar</b>")
soup.b.insert_after("BAZ")
soup.a.insert_after("QUUX")
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("<a>foo</a>QUUX<b>bar</b>BAZ"))
soup.b.insert_after(soup.a)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("QUUX<b>bar</b><a>foo</a>BAZ"))
def test_insert_after_raises_exception_if_after_has_no_meaning(self):
soup = self.soup("")
tag = soup.new_tag("a")
string = soup.new_string("")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, string.insert_after, tag)
self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, soup.insert_after, tag)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tag.insert_after, tag)
def test_insert_before_raises_notimplementederror_if_before_has_no_meaning(self):
soup = self.soup("")
tag = soup.new_tag("a")
string = soup.new_string("")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, string.insert_before, tag)
self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, soup.insert_before, tag)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, tag.insert_before, tag)
def test_replace_with(self):
soup = self.soup(
"<p>There's <b>no</b> business like <b>show</b> business</p>")
no, show = soup.find_all('b')
show.replace_with(no)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(),
self.document_for(
"<p>There's business like <b>no</b> business</p>"))
self.assertEqual(show.parent, None)
self.assertEqual(no.parent, soup.p)
self.assertEqual(no.next_element, "no")
self.assertEqual(no.next_sibling, " business")
def test_replace_first_child(self):
data = "<a><b></b><c></c></a>"
soup = self.soup(data)
soup.b.replace_with(soup.c)
self.assertEqual("<a><c></c></a>", soup.decode())
def test_replace_last_child(self):
data = "<a><b></b><c></c></a>"
soup = self.soup(data)
soup.c.replace_with(soup.b)
self.assertEqual("<a><b></b></a>", soup.decode())
def test_nested_tag_replace_with(self):
soup = self.soup(
"""<a>We<b>reserve<c>the</c><d>right</d></b></a><e>to<f>refuse</f><g>service</g></e>""")
# Replace the entire <b> tag and its contents ("reserve the
# right") with the <f> tag ("refuse").
remove_tag = soup.b
move_tag = soup.f
remove_tag.replace_with(move_tag)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for(
"<a>We<f>refuse</f></a><e>to<g>service</g></e>"))
# The <b> tag is now an orphan.
self.assertEqual(remove_tag.parent, None)
self.assertEqual(remove_tag.find(text="right").next_element, None)
self.assertEqual(remove_tag.previous_element, None)
self.assertEqual(remove_tag.next_sibling, None)
self.assertEqual(remove_tag.previous_sibling, None)
# The <f> tag is now connected to the <a> tag.
self.assertEqual(move_tag.parent, soup.a)
self.assertEqual(move_tag.previous_element, "We")
self.assertEqual(move_tag.next_element.next_element, soup.e)
self.assertEqual(move_tag.next_sibling, None)
# The gap where the <f> tag used to be has been mended, and
# the word "to" is now connected to the <g> tag.
to_text = soup.find(text="to")
g_tag = soup.g
self.assertEqual(to_text.next_element, g_tag)
self.assertEqual(to_text.next_sibling, g_tag)
self.assertEqual(g_tag.previous_element, to_text)
self.assertEqual(g_tag.previous_sibling, to_text)
def test_unwrap(self):
tree = self.soup("""
<p>Unneeded <em>formatting</em> is unneeded</p>
""")
tree.em.unwrap()
self.assertEqual(tree.em, None)
self.assertEqual(tree.p.text, "Unneeded formatting is unneeded")
def test_wrap(self):
soup = self.soup("I wish I was bold.")
value = soup.string.wrap(soup.new_tag("b"))
self.assertEqual(value.decode(), "<b>I wish I was bold.</b>")
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("<b>I wish I was bold.</b>"))
def test_wrap_extracts_tag_from_elsewhere(self):
soup = self.soup("<b></b>I wish I was bold.")
soup.b.next_sibling.wrap(soup.b)
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for("<b>I wish I was bold.</b>"))
def test_wrap_puts_new_contents_at_the_end(self):
soup = self.soup("<b>I like being bold.</b>I wish I was bold.")
soup.b.next_sibling.wrap(soup.b)
self.assertEqual(2, len(soup.b.contents))
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), self.document_for(
"<b>I like being bold.I wish I was bold.</b>"))
def test_extract(self):
soup = self.soup(
'<html><body>Some content. <div id="nav">Nav crap</div> More content.</body></html>')
self.assertEqual(len(soup.body.contents), 3)
extracted = soup.find(id="nav").extract()
self.assertEqual(
soup.decode(), "<html><body>Some content. More content.</body></html>")
self.assertEqual(extracted.decode(), '<div id="nav">Nav crap</div>')
# The extracted tag is now an orphan.
self.assertEqual(len(soup.body.contents), 2)
self.assertEqual(extracted.parent, None)
self.assertEqual(extracted.previous_element, None)
self.assertEqual(extracted.next_element.next_element, None)
# The gap where the extracted tag used to be has been mended.
content_1 = soup.find(text="Some content. ")
content_2 = soup.find(text=" More content.")
self.assertEqual(content_1.next_element, content_2)
self.assertEqual(content_1.next_sibling, content_2)
self.assertEqual(content_2.previous_element, content_1)
self.assertEqual(content_2.previous_sibling, content_1)
def test_extract_distinguishes_between_identical_strings(self):
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</a><b>bar</b>")
foo_1 = soup.a.string
bar_1 = soup.b.string
foo_2 = soup.new_string("foo")
bar_2 = soup.new_string("bar")
soup.a.append(foo_2)
soup.b.append(bar_2)
# Now there are two identical strings in the <a> tag, and two
# in the <b> tag. Let's remove the first "foo" and the second
# "bar".
foo_1.extract()
bar_2.extract()
self.assertEqual(foo_2, soup.a.string)
self.assertEqual(bar_2, soup.b.string)
def test_extract_multiples_of_same_tag(self):
soup = self.soup("""
<html>
<head>
<script>foo</script>
</head>
<body>
<script>bar</script>
<a></a>
</body>
<script>baz</script>
</html>""")
[soup.script.extract() for i in soup.find_all("script")]
self.assertEqual("<body>\n\n<a></a>\n</body>", str(soup.body))
def test_extract_works_when_element_is_surrounded_by_identical_strings(self):
soup = self.soup(
'<html>\n'
'<body>hi</body>\n'
'</html>')
soup.find('body').extract()
self.assertEqual(None, soup.find('body'))
def test_clear(self):
"""Tag.clear()"""
soup = self.soup("<p><a>String <em>Italicized</em></a> and another</p>")
# clear using extract()
a = soup.a
soup.p.clear()
self.assertEqual(len(soup.p.contents), 0)
self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "contents"))
# clear using decompose()
em = a.em
a.clear(decompose=True)
self.assertEqual(0, len(em.contents))
def test_string_set(self):
"""Tag.string = 'string'"""
soup = self.soup("<a></a> <b><c></c></b>")
soup.a.string = "foo"
self.assertEqual(soup.a.contents, ["foo"])
soup.b.string = "bar"
self.assertEqual(soup.b.contents, ["bar"])
def test_string_set_does_not_affect_original_string(self):
soup = self.soup("<a><b>foo</b><c>bar</c>")
soup.b.string = soup.c.string
self.assertEqual(soup.a.encode(), b"<a><b>bar</b><c>bar</c></a>")
def test_set_string_preserves_class_of_string(self):
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
cdata = CData("foo")
soup.a.string = cdata
self.assertTrue(isinstance(soup.a.string, CData))
class TestElementObjects(SoupTest):
"""Test various features of element objects."""
def test_len(self):
"""The length of an element is its number of children."""
soup = self.soup("<top>1<b>2</b>3</top>")
# The BeautifulSoup object itself contains one element: the
# <top> tag.
self.assertEqual(len(soup.contents), 1)
self.assertEqual(len(soup), 1)
# The <top> tag contains three elements: the text node "1", the
# <b> tag, and the text node "3".
self.assertEqual(len(soup.top), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(soup.top.contents), 3)
def test_member_access_invokes_find(self):
"""Accessing a Python member .foo invokes find('foo')"""
soup = self.soup('<b><i></i></b>')
self.assertEqual(soup.b, soup.find('b'))
self.assertEqual(soup.b.i, soup.find('b').find('i'))
self.assertEqual(soup.a, None)
def test_deprecated_member_access(self):
soup = self.soup('<b><i></i></b>')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
tag = soup.bTag
self.assertEqual(soup.b, tag)
self.assertEqual(
'.bTag is deprecated, use .find("b") instead.',
str(w[0].message))
def test_has_attr(self):
"""has_attr() checks for the presence of an attribute.
Please note note: has_attr() is different from
__in__. has_attr() checks the tag's attributes and __in__
checks the tag's chidlren.
"""
soup = self.soup("<foo attr='bar'>")
self.assertTrue(soup.foo.has_attr('attr'))
self.assertFalse(soup.foo.has_attr('attr2'))
def test_attributes_come_out_in_alphabetical_order(self):
markup = '<b a="1" z="5" m="3" f="2" y="4"></b>'
self.assertSoupEquals(markup, '<b a="1" f="2" m="3" y="4" z="5"></b>')
def test_string(self):
# A tag that contains only a text node makes that node
# available as .string.
soup = self.soup("<b>foo</b>")
self.assertEqual(soup.b.string, 'foo')
def test_empty_tag_has_no_string(self):
# A tag with no children has no .stirng.
soup = self.soup("<b></b>")
self.assertEqual(soup.b.string, None)
def test_tag_with_multiple_children_has_no_string(self):
# A tag with no children has no .string.
soup = self.soup("<a>foo<b></b><b></b></b>")
self.assertEqual(soup.b.string, None)
soup = self.soup("<a>foo<b></b>bar</b>")
self.assertEqual(soup.b.string, None)
# Even if all the children are strings, due to trickery,
# it won't work--but this would be a good optimization.
soup = self.soup("<a>foo</b>")
soup.a.insert(1, "bar")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.string, None)
def test_tag_with_recursive_string_has_string(self):
# A tag with a single child which has a .string inherits that
# .string.
soup = self.soup("<a><b>foo</b></a>")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.string, "foo")
self.assertEqual(soup.string, "foo")
def test_lack_of_string(self):
"""Only a tag containing a single text node has a .string."""
soup = self.soup("<b>f<i>e</i>o</b>")
self.assertFalse(soup.b.string)
soup = self.soup("<b></b>")
self.assertFalse(soup.b.string)
def test_all_text(self):
"""Tag.text and Tag.get_text(sep=u"") -> all child text, concatenated"""
soup = self.soup("<a>a<b>r</b> <r> t </r></a>")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.text, "ar t ")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.get_text(strip=True), "art")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.get_text(","), "a,r, , t ")
self.assertEqual(soup.a.get_text(",", strip=True), "a,r,t")
def test_get_text_ignores_comments(self):
soup = self.soup("foo<!--IGNORE-->bar")
self.assertEqual(soup.get_text(), "foobar")
self.assertEqual(
soup.get_text(types=(NavigableString, Comment)), "fooIGNOREbar")
self.assertEqual(
soup.get_text(types=None), "fooIGNOREbar")
def test_all_strings_ignores_comments(self):
soup = self.soup("foo<!--IGNORE-->bar")
self.assertEqual(['foo', 'bar'], list(soup.strings))
class TestCDAtaListAttributes(SoupTest):
"""Testing cdata-list attributes like 'class'.
"""
def test_single_value_becomes_list(self):
soup = self.soup("<a class='foo'>")
self.assertEqual(["foo"],soup.a['class'])
def test_multiple_values_becomes_list(self):
soup = self.soup("<a class='foo bar'>")
self.assertEqual(["foo", "bar"], soup.a['class'])
def test_multiple_values_separated_by_weird_whitespace(self):
soup = self.soup("<a class='foo\tbar\nbaz'>")
self.assertEqual(["foo", "bar", "baz"],soup.a['class'])
def test_attributes_joined_into_string_on_output(self):
soup = self.soup("<a class='foo\tbar'>")
self.assertEqual(b'<a class="foo bar"></a>', soup.a.encode())
def test_accept_charset(self):
soup = self.soup('<form accept-charset="ISO-8859-1 UTF-8">')
self.assertEqual(['ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8'], soup.form['accept-charset'])
def test_cdata_attribute_applying_only_to_one_tag(self):
data = '<a accept-charset="ISO-8859-1 UTF-8"></a>'
soup = self.soup(data)
# We saw in another test that accept-charset is a cdata-list
# attribute for the <form> tag. But it's not a cdata-list
# attribute for any other tag.
self.assertEqual('ISO-8859-1 UTF-8', soup.a['accept-charset'])
def test_string_has_immutable_name_property(self):
string = self.soup("s").string
self.assertEqual(None, string.name)
def t():
string.name = 'foo'
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, t)
class TestPersistence(SoupTest):
"Testing features like pickle and deepcopy."
def setUp(self):
super(TestPersistence, self).setUp()
self.page = """<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Beautiful Soup: We called him Tortoise because he taught us.</title>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:leonardr@segfault.org">
<meta name="Description" content="Beautiful Soup: an HTML parser optimized for screen-scraping.">
<meta name="generator" content="Markov Approximation 1.4 (module: leonardr)">
<meta name="author" content="Leonard Richardson">
</head>
<body>
<a href="foo">foo</a>
<a href="foo"><b>bar</b></a>
</body>
</html>"""
self.tree = self.soup(self.page)
def test_pickle_and_unpickle_identity(self):
# Pickling a tree, then unpickling it, yields a tree identical
# to the original.
dumped = pickle.dumps(self.tree, 2)
loaded = pickle.loads(dumped)
self.assertEqual(loaded.__class__, BeautifulSoup)
self.assertEqual(loaded.decode(), self.tree.decode())
def test_deepcopy_identity(self):
# Making a deepcopy of a tree yields an identical tree.
copied = copy.deepcopy(self.tree)
self.assertEqual(copied.decode(), self.tree.decode())
def test_copy_preserves_encoding(self):
soup = BeautifulSoup(b'<p> </p>', 'html.parser')
encoding = soup.original_encoding
copy = soup.__copy__()
self.assertEqual("<p> </p>", str(copy))
self.assertEqual(encoding, copy.original_encoding)
def test_unicode_pickle(self):
# A tree containing Unicode characters can be pickled.
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
dumped = pickle.dumps(soup, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
loaded = pickle.loads(dumped)
self.assertEqual(loaded.decode(), soup.decode())
def test_copy_navigablestring_is_not_attached_to_tree(self):
html = "<b>Foo<a></a></b><b>Bar</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
s1 = soup.find(string="Foo")
s2 = copy.copy(s1)
self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
self.assertEqual(None, s2.parent)
self.assertEqual(None, s2.next_element)
self.assertNotEqual(None, s1.next_sibling)
self.assertEqual(None, s2.next_sibling)
self.assertEqual(None, s2.previous_element)
def test_copy_navigablestring_subclass_has_same_type(self):
html = "<b><!--Foo--></b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
s1 = soup.string
s2 = copy.copy(s1)
self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
self.assertTrue(isinstance(s2, Comment))
def test_copy_entire_soup(self):
html = "<div><b>Foo<a></a></b><b>Bar</b></div>end"
soup = self.soup(html)
soup_copy = copy.copy(soup)
self.assertEqual(soup, soup_copy)
def test_copy_tag_copies_contents(self):
html = "<div><b>Foo<a></a></b><b>Bar</b></div>end"
soup = self.soup(html)
div = soup.div
div_copy = copy.copy(div)
# The two tags look the same, and evaluate to equal.
self.assertEqual(str(div), str(div_copy))
self.assertEqual(div, div_copy)
# But they're not the same object.
self.assertFalse(div is div_copy)
# And they don't have the same relation to the parse tree. The
# copy is not associated with a parse tree at all.
self.assertEqual(None, div_copy.parent)
self.assertEqual(None, div_copy.previous_element)
self.assertEqual(None, div_copy.find(string='Bar').next_element)
self.assertNotEqual(None, div.find(string='Bar').next_element)
class TestSubstitutions(SoupTest):
def test_default_formatter_is_minimal(self):
markup = "<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
decoded = soup.decode(formatter="minimal")
# The < is converted back into < but the e-with-acute is left alone.
self.assertEqual(
decoded,
self.document_for(
"<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"))
def test_formatter_html(self):
markup = "<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
decoded = soup.decode(formatter="html")
self.assertEqual(
decoded,
self.document_for("<b><<Sacré bleu!>></b>"))
def test_formatter_minimal(self):
markup = "<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
decoded = soup.decode(formatter="minimal")
# The < is converted back into < but the e-with-acute is left alone.
self.assertEqual(
decoded,
self.document_for(
"<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"))
def test_formatter_null(self):
markup = "<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
decoded = soup.decode(formatter=None)
# Neither the angle brackets nor the e-with-acute are converted.
# This is not valid HTML, but it's what the user wanted.
self.assertEqual(decoded,
self.document_for("<b><<Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!>></b>"))
def test_formatter_custom(self):
markup = "<b><foo></b><b>bar</b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
decoded = soup.decode(formatter = lambda x: x.upper())
# Instead of normal entity conversion code, the custom
# callable is called on every string.
self.assertEqual(
decoded,
self.document_for("<b><FOO></b><b>BAR</b>"))
def test_formatter_is_run_on_attribute_values(self):
markup = '<a href="http://a.com?a=b&c=é">e</a>'
soup = self.soup(markup)
a = soup.a
expect_minimal = '<a href="http://a.com?a=b&c=é">e</a>'
self.assertEqual(expect_minimal, a.decode())
self.assertEqual(expect_minimal, a.decode(formatter="minimal"))
expect_html = '<a href="http://a.com?a=b&c=é">e</a>'
self.assertEqual(expect_html, a.decode(formatter="html"))
self.assertEqual(markup, a.decode(formatter=None))
expect_upper = '<a href="HTTP://A.COM?A=B&C=É">E</a>'
self.assertEqual(expect_upper, a.decode(formatter=lambda x: x.upper()))
def test_formatter_skips_script_tag_for_html_documents(self):
doc = """
<script type="text/javascript">
console.log("< < hey > > ");
</script>
"""
encoded = BeautifulSoup(doc, 'html.parser').encode()
self.assertTrue(b"< < hey > >" in encoded)
def test_formatter_skips_style_tag_for_html_documents(self):
doc = """
<style type="text/css">
console.log("< < hey > > ");
</style>
"""
encoded = BeautifulSoup(doc, 'html.parser').encode()
self.assertTrue(b"< < hey > >" in encoded)
def test_prettify_leaves_preformatted_text_alone(self):
soup = self.soup("<div> foo <pre> \tbar\n \n </pre> baz ")
# Everything outside the <pre> tag is reformatted, but everything
# inside is left alone.
self.assertEqual(
'<div>\n foo\n <pre> \tbar\n \n </pre>\n baz\n</div>',
soup.div.prettify())
def test_prettify_accepts_formatter(self):
soup = BeautifulSoup("<html><body>foo</body></html>", 'html.parser')
pretty = soup.prettify(formatter = lambda x: x.upper())
self.assertTrue("FOO" in pretty)
def test_prettify_outputs_unicode_by_default(self):
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
self.assertEqual(str, type(soup.prettify()))
def test_prettify_can_encode_data(self):
soup = self.soup("<a></a>")
self.assertEqual(bytes, type(soup.prettify("utf-8")))
def test_html_entity_substitution_off_by_default(self):
markup = "<b>Sacr\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE} bleu!</b>"
soup = self.soup(markup)
encoded = soup.b.encode("utf-8")
self.assertEqual(encoded, markup.encode('utf-8'))
def test_encoding_substitution(self):
# Here's the <meta> tag saying that a document is
# encoded in Shift-JIS.
meta_tag = ('<meta content="text/html; charset=x-sjis" '
'http-equiv="Content-type"/>')
soup = self.soup(meta_tag)
# Parse the document, and the charset apprears unchanged.
self.assertEqual(soup.meta['content'], 'text/html; charset=x-sjis')
# Encode the document into some encoding, and the encoding is
# substituted into the meta tag.
utf_8 = soup.encode("utf-8")
self.assertTrue(b"charset=utf-8" in utf_8)
euc_jp = soup.encode("euc_jp")
self.assertTrue(b"charset=euc_jp" in euc_jp)
shift_jis = soup.encode("shift-jis")
self.assertTrue(b"charset=shift-jis" in shift_jis)
utf_16_u = soup.encode("utf-16").decode("utf-16")
self.assertTrue("charset=utf-16" in utf_16_u)
def test_encoding_substitution_doesnt_happen_if_tag_is_strained(self):
markup = ('<head><meta content="text/html; charset=x-sjis" '
'http-equiv="Content-type"/></head><pre>foo</pre>')
# Beautiful Soup used to try to rewrite the meta tag even if the
# meta tag got filtered out by the strainer. This test makes
# sure that doesn't happen.
strainer = SoupStrainer('pre')
soup = self.soup(markup, parse_only=strainer)
self.assertEqual(soup.contents[0].name, 'pre')
class TestEncoding(SoupTest):
"""Test the ability to encode objects into strings."""
def test_unicode_string_can_be_encoded(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual(soup.b.string.encode("utf-8"),
"\N{SNOWMAN}".encode("utf-8"))
def test_tag_containing_unicode_string_can_be_encoded(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual(
soup.b.encode("utf-8"), html.encode("utf-8"))
def test_encoding_substitutes_unrecognized_characters_by_default(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual(soup.b.encode("ascii"), b"<b>☃</b>")
def test_encoding_can_be_made_strict(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertRaises(
UnicodeEncodeError, soup.encode, "ascii", errors="strict")
def test_decode_contents(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual("\N{SNOWMAN}", soup.b.decode_contents())
def test_encode_contents(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual(
"\N{SNOWMAN}".encode("utf8"), soup.b.encode_contents(
encoding="utf8"))
def test_deprecated_renderContents(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
self.assertEqual(
"\N{SNOWMAN}".encode("utf8"), soup.b.renderContents())
def test_repr(self):
html = "<b>\N{SNOWMAN}</b>"
soup = self.soup(html)
if PY3K:
self.assertEqual(html, repr(soup))
else:
self.assertEqual(b'<b>\\u2603</b>', repr(soup))
class TestNavigableStringSubclasses(SoupTest):
def test_cdata(self):
# None of the current builders turn CDATA sections into CData
# objects, but you can create them manually.
soup = self.soup("")
cdata = CData("foo")
soup.insert(1, cdata)
self.assertEqual(str(soup), "<![CDATA[foo]]>")
self.assertEqual(soup.find(text="foo"), "foo")
self.assertEqual(soup.contents[0], "foo")
def test_cdata_is_never_formatted(self):
"""Text inside a CData object is passed into the formatter.
But the return value is ignored.
"""
self.count = 0
def increment(*args):
self.count += 1
return "BITTER FAILURE"
soup = self.soup("")
cdata = CData("<><><>")
soup.insert(1, cdata)
self.assertEqual(
b"<![CDATA[<><><>]]>", soup.encode(formatter=increment))
self.assertEqual(1, self.count)
def test_doctype_ends_in_newline(self):
# Unlike other NavigableString subclasses, a DOCTYPE always ends
# in a newline.
doctype = Doctype("foo")
soup = self.soup("")
soup.insert(1, doctype)
self.assertEqual(soup.encode(), b"<!DOCTYPE foo>\n")
def test_declaration(self):
d = Declaration("foo")
self.assertEqual("<?foo?>", d.output_ready())
class TestSoupSelector(TreeTest):
HTML = """
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>The title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="blah.css" type="text/css" id="l1">
</head>
<body>
<custom-dashed-tag class="dashed" id="dash1">Hello there.</custom-dashed-tag>
<div id="main" class="fancy">
<div id="inner">
<h1 id="header1">An H1</h1>
<p>Some text</p>
<p class="onep" id="p1">Some more text</p>
<h2 id="header2">An H2</h2>
<p class="class1 class2 class3" id="pmulti">Another</p>
<a href="http://bob.example.org/" rel="friend met" id="bob">Bob</a>
<h2 id="header3">Another H2</h2>
<a id="me" href="http://simonwillison.net/" rel="me">me</a>
<span class="s1">
<a href="#" id="s1a1">span1a1</a>
<a href="#" id="s1a2">span1a2 <span id="s1a2s1">test</span></a>
<span class="span2">
<a href="#" id="s2a1">span2a1</a>
</span>
<span class="span3"></span>
<custom-dashed-tag class="dashed" id="dash2"/>
<div data-tag="dashedvalue" id="data1"/>
</span>
</div>
<x id="xid">
<z id="zida"/>
<z id="zidab"/>
<z id="zidac"/>
</x>
<y id="yid">
<z id="zidb"/>
</y>
<p lang="en" id="lang-en">English</p>
<p lang="en-gb" id="lang-en-gb">English UK</p>
<p lang="en-us" id="lang-en-us">English US</p>
<p lang="fr" id="lang-fr">French</p>
</div>
<div id="footer">
</div>
"""
def setUp(self):
self.soup = BeautifulSoup(self.HTML, 'html.parser')
def assertSelects(self, selector, expected_ids, **kwargs):
el_ids = [el['id'] for el in self.soup.select(selector, **kwargs)]
el_ids.sort()
expected_ids.sort()
self.assertEqual(expected_ids, el_ids,
"Selector %s, expected [%s], got [%s]" % (
selector, ', '.join(expected_ids), ', '.join(el_ids)
)
)
assertSelect = assertSelects
def assertSelectMultiple(self, *tests):
for selector, expected_ids in tests:
self.assertSelect(selector, expected_ids)
def test_one_tag_one(self):
els = self.soup.select('title')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 1)
self.assertEqual(els[0].name, 'title')
self.assertEqual(els[0].contents, ['The title'])
def test_one_tag_many(self):
els = self.soup.select('div')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 4)
for div in els:
self.assertEqual(div.name, 'div')
el = self.soup.select_one('div')
self.assertEqual('main', el['id'])
def test_select_one_returns_none_if_no_match(self):
match = self.soup.select_one('nonexistenttag')
self.assertEqual(None, match)
def test_tag_in_tag_one(self):
els = self.soup.select('div div')
self.assertSelects('div div', ['inner', 'data1'])
def test_tag_in_tag_many(self):
for selector in ('html div', 'html body div', 'body div'):
self.assertSelects(selector, ['data1', 'main', 'inner', 'footer'])
def test_limit(self):
self.assertSelects('html div', ['main'], limit=1)
self.assertSelects('html body div', ['inner', 'main'], limit=2)
self.assertSelects('body div', ['data1', 'main', 'inner', 'footer'],
limit=10)
def test_tag_no_match(self):
self.assertEqual(len(self.soup.select('del')), 0)
def test_invalid_tag(self):
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.soup.select, 'tag%t')
def test_select_dashed_tag_ids(self):
self.assertSelects('custom-dashed-tag', ['dash1', 'dash2'])
def test_select_dashed_by_id(self):
dashed = self.soup.select('custom-dashed-tag[id=\"dash2\"]')
self.assertEqual(dashed[0].name, 'custom-dashed-tag')
self.assertEqual(dashed[0]['id'], 'dash2')
def test_dashed_tag_text(self):
self.assertEqual(self.soup.select('body > custom-dashed-tag')[0].text, 'Hello there.')
def test_select_dashed_matches_find_all(self):
self.assertEqual(self.soup.select('custom-dashed-tag'), self.soup.find_all('custom-dashed-tag'))
def test_header_tags(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('h1', ['header1']),
('h2', ['header2', 'header3']),
)
def test_class_one(self):
for selector in ('.onep', 'p.onep', 'html p.onep'):
els = self.soup.select(selector)
self.assertEqual(len(els), 1)
self.assertEqual(els[0].name, 'p')
self.assertEqual(els[0]['class'], ['onep'])
def test_class_mismatched_tag(self):
els = self.soup.select('div.onep')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 0)
def test_one_id(self):
for selector in ('div#inner', '#inner', 'div div#inner'):
self.assertSelects(selector, ['inner'])
def test_bad_id(self):
els = self.soup.select('#doesnotexist')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 0)
def test_items_in_id(self):
els = self.soup.select('div#inner p')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 3)
for el in els:
self.assertEqual(el.name, 'p')
self.assertEqual(els[1]['class'], ['onep'])
self.assertFalse(els[0].has_attr('class'))
def test_a_bunch_of_emptys(self):
for selector in ('div#main del', 'div#main div.oops', 'div div#main'):
self.assertEqual(len(self.soup.select(selector)), 0)
def test_multi_class_support(self):
for selector in ('.class1', 'p.class1', '.class2', 'p.class2',
'.class3', 'p.class3', 'html p.class2', 'div#inner .class2'):
self.assertSelects(selector, ['pmulti'])
def test_multi_class_selection(self):
for selector in ('.class1.class3', '.class3.class2',
'.class1.class2.class3'):
self.assertSelects(selector, ['pmulti'])
def test_child_selector(self):
self.assertSelects('.s1 > a', ['s1a1', 's1a2'])
self.assertSelects('.s1 > a span', ['s1a2s1'])
def test_child_selector_id(self):
self.assertSelects('.s1 > a#s1a2 span', ['s1a2s1'])
def test_attribute_equals(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('p[class="onep"]', ['p1']),
('p[id="p1"]', ['p1']),
('[class="onep"]', ['p1']),
('[id="p1"]', ['p1']),
('link[rel="stylesheet"]', ['l1']),
('link[type="text/css"]', ['l1']),
('link[href="blah.css"]', ['l1']),
('link[href="no-blah.css"]', []),
('[rel="stylesheet"]', ['l1']),
('[type="text/css"]', ['l1']),
('[href="blah.css"]', ['l1']),
('[href="no-blah.css"]', []),
('p[href="no-blah.css"]', []),
('[href="no-blah.css"]', []),
)
def test_attribute_tilde(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('p[class~="class1"]', ['pmulti']),
('p[class~="class2"]', ['pmulti']),
('p[class~="class3"]', ['pmulti']),
('[class~="class1"]', ['pmulti']),
('[class~="class2"]', ['pmulti']),
('[class~="class3"]', ['pmulti']),
('a[rel~="friend"]', ['bob']),
('a[rel~="met"]', ['bob']),
('[rel~="friend"]', ['bob']),
('[rel~="met"]', ['bob']),
)
def test_attribute_startswith(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('[rel^="style"]', ['l1']),
('link[rel^="style"]', ['l1']),
('notlink[rel^="notstyle"]', []),
('[rel^="notstyle"]', []),
('link[rel^="notstyle"]', []),
('link[href^="bla"]', ['l1']),
('a[href^="http://"]', ['bob', 'me']),
('[href^="http://"]', ['bob', 'me']),
('[id^="p"]', ['pmulti', 'p1']),
('[id^="m"]', ['me', 'main']),
('div[id^="m"]', ['main']),
('a[id^="m"]', ['me']),
('div[data-tag^="dashed"]', ['data1'])
)
def test_attribute_endswith(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('[href$=".css"]', ['l1']),
('link[href$=".css"]', ['l1']),
('link[id$="1"]', ['l1']),
('[id$="1"]', ['data1', 'l1', 'p1', 'header1', 's1a1', 's2a1', 's1a2s1', 'dash1']),
('div[id$="1"]', ['data1']),
('[id$="noending"]', []),
)
def test_attribute_contains(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
# From test_attribute_startswith
('[rel*="style"]', ['l1']),
('link[rel*="style"]', ['l1']),
('notlink[rel*="notstyle"]', []),
('[rel*="notstyle"]', []),
('link[rel*="notstyle"]', []),
('link[href*="bla"]', ['l1']),
('[href*="http://"]', ['bob', 'me']),
('[id*="p"]', ['pmulti', 'p1']),
('div[id*="m"]', ['main']),
('a[id*="m"]', ['me']),
# From test_attribute_endswith
('[href*=".css"]', ['l1']),
('link[href*=".css"]', ['l1']),
('link[id*="1"]', ['l1']),
('[id*="1"]', ['data1', 'l1', 'p1', 'header1', 's1a1', 's1a2', 's2a1', 's1a2s1', 'dash1']),
('div[id*="1"]', ['data1']),
('[id*="noending"]', []),
# New for this test
('[href*="."]', ['bob', 'me', 'l1']),
('a[href*="."]', ['bob', 'me']),
('link[href*="."]', ['l1']),
('div[id*="n"]', ['main', 'inner']),
('div[id*="nn"]', ['inner']),
('div[data-tag*="edval"]', ['data1'])
)
def test_attribute_exact_or_hypen(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('p[lang|="en"]', ['lang-en', 'lang-en-gb', 'lang-en-us']),
('[lang|="en"]', ['lang-en', 'lang-en-gb', 'lang-en-us']),
('p[lang|="fr"]', ['lang-fr']),
('p[lang|="gb"]', []),
)
def test_attribute_exists(self):
self.assertSelectMultiple(
('[rel]', ['l1', 'bob', 'me']),
('link[rel]', ['l1']),
('a[rel]', ['bob', 'me']),
('[lang]', ['lang-en', 'lang-en-gb', 'lang-en-us', 'lang-fr']),
('p[class]', ['p1', 'pmulti']),
('[blah]', []),
('p[blah]', []),
('div[data-tag]', ['data1'])
)
def test_quoted_space_in_selector_name(self):
html = """<div style="display: wrong">nope</div>
<div style="display: right">yes</div>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
[chosen] = soup.select('div[style="display: right"]')
self.assertEqual("yes", chosen.string)
def test_unsupported_pseudoclass(self):
self.assertRaises(
NotImplementedError, self.soup.select, "a:no-such-pseudoclass")
self.assertRaises(
NotImplementedError, self.soup.select, "a:nth-of-type(a)")
def test_nth_of_type(self):
# Try to select first paragraph
els = self.soup.select('div#inner p:nth-of-type(1)')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 1)
self.assertEqual(els[0].string, 'Some text')
# Try to select third paragraph
els = self.soup.select('div#inner p:nth-of-type(3)')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 1)
self.assertEqual(els[0].string, 'Another')
# Try to select (non-existent!) fourth paragraph
els = self.soup.select('div#inner p:nth-of-type(4)')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 0)
# Pass in an invalid value.
self.assertRaises(
ValueError, self.soup.select, 'div p:nth-of-type(0)')
def test_nth_of_type_direct_descendant(self):
els = self.soup.select('div#inner > p:nth-of-type(1)')
self.assertEqual(len(els), 1)
self.assertEqual(els[0].string, 'Some text')
def test_id_child_selector_nth_of_type(self):
self.assertSelects('#inner > p:nth-of-type(2)', ['p1'])
def test_select_on_element(self):
# Other tests operate on the tree; this operates on an element
# within the tree.
inner = self.soup.find("div", id="main")
selected = inner.select("div")
# The <div id="inner"> tag was selected. The <div id="footer">
# tag was not.
self.assertSelectsIDs(selected, ['inner', 'data1'])
def test_overspecified_child_id(self):
self.assertSelects(".fancy #inner", ['inner'])
self.assertSelects(".normal #inner", [])
def test_adjacent_sibling_selector(self):
self.assertSelects('#p1 + h2', ['header2'])
self.assertSelects('#p1 + h2 + p', ['pmulti'])
self.assertSelects('#p1 + #header2 + .class1', ['pmulti'])
self.assertEqual([], self.soup.select('#p1 + p'))
def test_general_sibling_selector(self):
self.assertSelects('#p1 ~ h2', ['header2', 'header3'])
self.assertSelects('#p1 ~ #header2', ['header2'])
self.assertSelects('#p1 ~ h2 + a', ['me'])
self.assertSelects('#p1 ~ h2 + [rel="me"]', ['me'])
self.assertEqual([], self.soup.select('#inner ~ h2'))
def test_dangling_combinator(self):
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.soup.select, 'h1 >')
def test_sibling_combinator_wont_select_same_tag_twice(self):
self.assertSelects('p[lang] ~ p', ['lang-en-gb', 'lang-en-us', 'lang-fr'])
# Test the selector grouping operator (the comma)
def test_multiple_select(self):
self.assertSelects('x, y', ['xid', 'yid'])
def test_multiple_select_with_no_space(self):
self.assertSelects('x,y', ['xid', 'yid'])
def test_multiple_select_with_more_space(self):
self.assertSelects('x, y', ['xid', 'yid'])
def test_multiple_select_duplicated(self):
self.assertSelects('x, x', ['xid'])
def test_multiple_select_sibling(self):
self.assertSelects('x, y ~ p[lang=fr]', ['xid', 'lang-fr'])
def test_multiple_select_tag_and_direct_descendant(self):
self.assertSelects('x, y > z', ['xid', 'zidb'])
def test_multiple_select_direct_descendant_and_tags(self):
self.assertSelects('div > x, y, z', ['xid', 'yid', 'zida', 'zidb', 'zidab', 'zidac'])
def test_multiple_select_indirect_descendant(self):
self.assertSelects('div x,y, z', ['xid', 'yid', 'zida', 'zidb', 'zidab', 'zidac'])
def test_invalid_multiple_select(self):
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.soup.select, ',x, y')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.soup.select, 'x,,y')
def test_multiple_select_attrs(self):
self.assertSelects('p[lang=en], p[lang=en-gb]', ['lang-en', 'lang-en-gb'])
def test_multiple_select_ids(self):
self.assertSelects('x, y > z[id=zida], z[id=zidab], z[id=zidb]', ['xid', 'zidb', 'zidab'])
def test_multiple_select_nested(self):
self.assertSelects('body > div > x, y > z', ['xid', 'zidb'])
Zerion Mini Shell 1.0